business research chapter1
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Research
Methods forBusiness
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A skill Building Approach
Fourth Edition
Uma Sekaran
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3Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sekaran/RESEARCH 4E 1A
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Introduction to Research.
Scientific Investigation.
Technology and Business Research.The Research Process: Steps 1 to 3:
The Broad Problem Area,
Preliminary Data Gathering,Problem Definition.
The Research Process: Steps 4 and5: Theoretical FrameworkHypothesis Development.
The Research Process: Step 6:Elements of Research Design.
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Measurement of Variables:
Operational Definition and Scales.Measurement: Scaling, Reliability,
Validity.
Data Collection Methods.
Sampling.
Data Analysis and Interpretation.
The Research Report.
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What is Research.Research involves a series of well-thought-out and
carefully executed activities that will enable themanager to know how org. problems can besolved, or at least considerably minimized.
OR
Organized, systematic, data-based , critical,objective, scientific inquiry or investigation intoa specific problem, undertaken with the purposeof finding answers or solution to it.
Quantitative(structured questioner)Qualitative (Open-ended questioner)
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On the determination of luck
On the basis of investigation
Choose between alternatives.
Management may take Decision
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Good decision
Problem Solved
Poor decisionProblem persists
The main FUNCTIONof
Management is Decision Making
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1. Machine on the shop floor stops
working
2. Employee absents from work floor.
3. Employees are not motivated
4. Creditors have negative perceptionabout your organization.
Situations
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1. Do manager identify where exactly the
problem lies? Yes /No
2. Do they know what type of information
are to be gathered and how? Yes /No
3. Do they know how to make use of
collected information and draw
appropriate conclusion to make the
right decisions? Yes /No
4. Do they know how to implement the
results of the process to solve the
problem? Yes /No.
Check list for Good Decision
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Decision Making & Research
Problem Area
Problem identification
Gathering Information
Analysis of Data
Delineate (describe) the
factors OR
corrective
action
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What is Research.
Organized, systematic, data-based,
critical, objective, scientific inquiry or
investigation into a specific problem,undertaken with the purpose of finding
answers or solution to it.
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Business Research.
Is usually primarily conducted to resolveproblematic issues in or interrelated
among, the areas of business.
1. Accounting2. Finance
3. Management
4. Marketing
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Accounting:budget control system,
Practices and procedure, inventory costing
method, Cash recovery, taxation Planning.
Finance:Operation of financial
institutions, financial ratios, leverage,
mortgage, merger, acquisition etc.
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Management: Employees attitude and
behavior, human recourses management,
impact of changing demographic on
management practices, production
operations.
Marketing: Branding image, advertising,
after sale services, Consumer preferences,new product development etc.
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Fundamental Type of
Research
1. Applied Research:
To solve the currentproblem.
Research done withintention of applying theresults of the finding to solvespecific problems currently
being experienced in theorganization is calledapplied research.
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2. Basic / Pure /Fundamental Research
To improve our understanding about
problems.
Research done chiefly to enhance theunderstanding of certain problems
that commonly occur in
organizational setting and seek
method of solving them.
Fundamental Type of Research
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2. Basic / Pure /Fundamental Research
To generate a body of knowledge by trying
to comprehend how certain problems that
occur in organizations can be solved.
e-g Multiculturalism, ethnicity,demographic factors etc.
Various organization General ElectronicCompany
Professors in universities.
Fundamental Type of Research
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2. Basic / Pure /Fundamental Research
Objective of Basic research is to
equip oneself with additionalknowledge of certain phenomena/
problems that occur in several
organizations.
Fundamental Type of Research
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A research scientist surveys1000 employees in different
organization setting to study the
efficacy of several type of nasalsprays in controlling the flu
virus. He subsequently
publishes his finding in a high
respected medical journal.
Effect of Nasal Spray on F lu
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Why should a manager know
research?
Facil i tates good decision
making.
Become able to discriminate
about research findings. Prevents vested (personal)
interests
Educates to share pertinent/
signi f icant and relevantinformation with researcher.
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Help for calculation of r isks and
probabil i ties attached.
Understand the complexity of thevariables in organization.
I ntegrate research with profession.
H ire /select researcher /consultant
more effectively.
Why should a manager know research?
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The Manager Researcher
Relationship
Each should knowhis /her role.
Trust level
Value system
Acceptance off indings andimplementation
I ssues of insideversus outsideresearchers.
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Advantages
Better acceptance from staff
Knowledge about organization
Would be an integral part of implementation
and evolution of the research
recommendations.
Disadvantages
Less fresh ideas
Power poli tics could prevail
Possibility not valued as experts by staff.
I NTERNAL RESEARCHERS
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Advantages
Divergent and convergent thinking
Exper ience from several situations in di f ferent
type of organizations.
Better technical training, usually.
Disadvantages
Take time to know and understand the
organizational system. Rapport and corporation from staff not only easy.
Not available for evaluation after implementation
cost.
EXTERNAL RESEARCHERS
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WE VALUE YOUR FEEDBACK
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