business research chapter1

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Research

Methods forBusiness


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A skill Building Approach

Fourth Edition

Uma Sekaran


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3Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sekaran/RESEARCH 4E 1A


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Introduction to Research.

Scientific Investigation.

Technology and Business Research.The Research Process: Steps 1 to 3:

The Broad Problem Area,

Preliminary Data Gathering,Problem Definition.

The Research Process: Steps 4 and5: Theoretical FrameworkHypothesis Development.

The Research Process: Step 6:Elements of Research Design.


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Measurement of Variables:

Operational Definition and Scales.Measurement: Scaling, Reliability,

Validity.

Data Collection Methods.

Sampling.

Data Analysis and Interpretation.

The Research Report.


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What is Research.Research involves a series of well-thought-out and

carefully executed activities that will enable themanager to know how org. problems can besolved, or at least considerably minimized.

OR

Organized, systematic, data-based , critical,objective, scientific inquiry or investigation intoa specific problem, undertaken with the purposeof finding answers or solution to it.

Quantitative(structured questioner)Qualitative (Open-ended questioner)


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On the determination of luck

On the basis of investigation

Choose between alternatives.

Management may take Decision


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Good decision

Problem Solved

Poor decisionProblem persists

The main FUNCTIONof

Management is Decision Making


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1. Machine on the shop floor stops

working

2. Employee absents from work floor.

3. Employees are not motivated

4. Creditors have negative perceptionabout your organization.

Situations


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1. Do manager identify where exactly the

problem lies? Yes /No

2. Do they know what type of information

are to be gathered and how? Yes /No

3. Do they know how to make use of

collected information and draw

appropriate conclusion to make the

right decisions? Yes /No

4. Do they know how to implement the

results of the process to solve the

problem? Yes /No.

Check list for Good Decision


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Decision Making & Research

Problem Area

Problem identification

Gathering Information

Analysis of Data

Delineate (describe) the

factors OR

corrective

action


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What is Research.

Organized, systematic, data-based,

critical, objective, scientific inquiry or

investigation into a specific problem,undertaken with the purpose of finding

answers or solution to it.


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Business Research.

Is usually primarily conducted to resolveproblematic issues in or interrelated

among, the areas of business.

1. Accounting2. Finance

3. Management

4. Marketing


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Accounting:budget control system,

Practices and procedure, inventory costing

method, Cash recovery, taxation Planning.

Finance:Operation of financial

institutions, financial ratios, leverage,

mortgage, merger, acquisition etc.


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Management: Employees attitude and

behavior, human recourses management,

impact of changing demographic on

management practices, production

operations.

Marketing: Branding image, advertising,

after sale services, Consumer preferences,new product development etc.


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Fundamental Type of

Research

1. Applied Research:

To solve the currentproblem.

Research done withintention of applying theresults of the finding to solvespecific problems currently

being experienced in theorganization is calledapplied research.


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2. Basic / Pure /Fundamental Research

To improve our understanding about

problems.

Research done chiefly to enhance theunderstanding of certain problems

that commonly occur in

organizational setting and seek

method of solving them.

Fundamental Type of Research


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To generate a body of knowledge by trying

to comprehend how certain problems that

occur in organizations can be solved.

e-g Multiculturalism, ethnicity,demographic factors etc.

Various organization General ElectronicCompany

Professors in universities.



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Objective of Basic research is to

equip oneself with additionalknowledge of certain phenomena/

problems that occur in several

organizations.



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A research scientist surveys1000 employees in different

organization setting to study the

efficacy of several type of nasalsprays in controlling the flu

virus. He subsequently

publishes his finding in a high

respected medical journal.

Effect of Nasal Spray on F lu


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Why should a manager know

research?

Facil i tates good decision

making.

Become able to discriminate

about research findings. Prevents vested (personal)

interests

Educates to share pertinent/

signi f icant and relevantinformation with researcher.


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Help for calculation of r isks and

probabil i ties attached.

Understand the complexity of thevariables in organization.

I ntegrate research with profession.

H ire /select researcher /consultant

more effectively.

Why should a manager know research?


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The Manager Researcher

Relationship

Each should knowhis /her role.

Trust level

Value system

Acceptance off indings andimplementation

I ssues of insideversus outsideresearchers.


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Advantages

Better acceptance from staff

Knowledge about organization

Would be an integral part of implementation

and evolution of the research

recommendations.

Disadvantages

Less fresh ideas

Power poli tics could prevail

Possibility not valued as experts by staff.

I NTERNAL RESEARCHERS


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Advantages

Divergent and convergent thinking

Exper ience from several situations in di f ferent

type of organizations.

Better technical training, usually.

Disadvantages

Take time to know and understand the

organizational system. Rapport and corporation from staff not only easy.

Not available for evaluation after implementation

cost.

EXTERNAL RESEARCHERS


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WE VALUE YOUR FEEDBACK


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