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Building Resilience in

Indigenous Communities

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CAMBODIA Susan Bentley: CARITAS Australia Global Education Adviser QLD Julienne Caffery: Senior Geography Teacher

Indigenous Peoples

Philippines Bolivia Solomon Islands

RESOURCES: http://www.caritas.org.au/learn/schools

Links to Australian Curriculum-Geography 7-10

Yr 7: Water and the World, Place

and Livebility

Yr 8: Landforms and Landscapes, Changing nations

Yr 9: Biomes and Food Security,

Geographies of Interconnections

Yr 10 Environmental

Change and Management,

Geographies of Human Well-Being

Links to Senior Geography Syllabus

Managing the Natural

Environment

Social Environments

Resources and the

Environment

People and Development

Source:

http://www.caritas.org.au/act/walk-as-one-

indigenous-peoples-campaign

Question 1

How many Indigenous Peoples live around the world?

A) 180 million B) 370 million C) 520 million

Correct

Answer: B. It is estimated that there are 370 million Indigenous peoples around the world.

Question 2

Among the Indigenous peoples of the world, levels of wealth, socio-economic status and access to social services fall behind that of

non-Indigenous peoples.

This is more of a reality in developing countries than in developed ones.

True False

Correct

Answer: False. The poverty and marginalisation of Indigenous peoples is not limited to developing countries. This is also the case in developed countries like Australia and Canada. Source: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mf/4727.0.55.006

Question 3

Indigenous peoples make up roughly 5% of the world’s population, but 15% of people

living in poverty.

TRUE FALSE

Correct

Answer: True. Indigenous peoples are more likely to experience poverty than non-Indigenous peoples.

Question 4

There are always fewer Indigenous peoples in their country/region than non-

Indigenous people.

TRUE FALSE

Correct

Answer: False. Bolivia is an example of one country where there are more Indigenous peoples than non-Indigenous peoples.

Question 5

There are approximately 7,000 languages spoken in the world today.

How many are estimated to be spoken by Indigenous Peoples?

A) 1,500 B) 2,500 C) 4,000

Correct

Answer: C. It is estimated that while Indigenous peoples make up 5% of the world population they speak more than 4000 of the 7000 languages spoken in the world today.

Question 6

What percentage of the world’s Indigenous languages are predicted to

become extinct or threatened with extinction by the end of the century?

A) 25% B) 75% C) 90%

Correct

Answer: C. Language specialists predict that up to 90% of the world’s Indigenous languages are likely to become extinct or threatened with extinction by the end of the century.

Question 7

TRUE FALSE

There are a growing number of Indigenous peoples who are able to live in their

traditional lands.

Correct

Answer: False. The number of Indigenous people living on their traditional land is decreasing.

Question 8

TRUE FALSE

The unemployment rate for Indigenous people aged 15-64 in 2011 was more than three times the unemployment rate of the

non-Indigenous population.

Correct

Answer: True.

TODAY:

Indigenous Peoples consistently fall behind the non-indigenous population when it comes to most indicators of well-being, including health, literacy rates, and employment opportunities

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous peoples ( 2007)

Article 1: Indigenous peoples have the right to the full enjoyment, as a collective or as individuals , of all human rights and fundamental freedoms as recognised in the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international human rights law.

Who is “Indigenous”? • There is no universally accepted definition of ‘indigenous peoples’

• The term ‘Indigenous Peoples’ refer to communities which share a

number of common characteristics, such as: a) self-identification/acceptance b) historical continuity with pre-colonial societies c) strong links to territories and natural resources d) and distinct social, spiritual, political, legal or economic systems.

Who we are A snapshot

Caritas Australia is the Catholic agency for international aid and development. Caritas Australia helps people to help themselves, regardless of race, political beliefs, gender or religion.

Our core focus is the poorest of the poor- the most marginalised

Module 1

What we do

Our work can be summarised as: Humanitarian aid

Long term development Advocacy and education

within Australia and with our International Partners.

Module 1

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A woman from the

Xishuangbanna minority ethnic

group weaving. China

Staff from CRS visit Cagayan de Oro after Typhoon

Bopha, Phillipines.

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A parish school ‘Walking for

justice’ as a PC fundraiser.

http://www.caritas.org.au/learn/where-we-work?mode=work

Our Philosophy of Development and Engagement

Integral Human Development

Dignity of Human Person

Solidarity

Subsidiarity

Preferential Option for the Poor

Common

Good

Participation

Stewardship

of Creation

ADAPTATION:

-actions that are necessary for countries and communities to take to deal with the impacts of climate change. Source: Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change: http://undesadspd.org/indigenouspeoples/ declarationontherightsofindigenouspeoples.aspx

Climate Change MITIGATION: -refers to efforts to reduce or prevent emission of greenhouse gases. It also refers to activities that absorb greenhouse gases, such as replanting forests, which absorb CO2. Source: UNEP-United Nations Environment Program- http://www.unep.org/climatechange/mitigation/Default.aspx

Solomon Islands

The Facts • Life Expectancy: 69

• Population: 609,883

• Double chain of 6 main islands make up a total of over 900 islands

• 70% of people have access to safe drinking water

• 30% of people have access to improved sanitation facilities

• 15% of the population live in urban areas, the rest live in small villages

Vulnerability

Ethnic violence

Civil unrest

Unsustainable movement to urban areas

Susceptibility to climate change

Remoteness

High transport and communication costs

Caritas-Adaptation and Mitigation

• WASH program

• Disaster Risk Reduction program ( DRR)

• Nursery Rhyme program

• Community Development Program

• Pacific Innovation and Leadership Award for Resilience( PILAR)

http://www.caritas.org.au/learn/schools/secondary-school-teaching-resources

Indigenous People-Empowerment and Development Project

The

Kabihug’s life, culture and struggles –

“the unheard voices of the impoverished sector “

Kabihugs belongs to the ethnic group called Aetas, Physical characteristics Population of Kabihugs is 560 families . Majority are illiterate Do not hold any ancestral lands Highly discriminated , exploited and ridiculed Earn meager income from farm work

Kabihug are spread in 6 municipalities women are culturally tightened to be submissive to men and they have limited participation in the economic and political decision in the household.

They usually use “Butukan” –lean tos (temporary)houses Kabihugs are landless Kabihug culture is starting to dwindle Kabihugs lack access to basic services

The Indigenous People Empowerment & Development Project

Project Goals

The Kabihugs would have enhanced social, political, economic and cultural well- being as manifested by;

Full involvement Enhanced access to education Presence of income generating activities Participation of Kabihug tribe members & leader in the preservation and observance of their culture practices, Cohesive and strong ties & relationship among the Kabihug families, leaders and men & women. Presence of potential and competent tribal leaders Improved access to health, water and sanitation services and housing

Major accomplishment & initial success

• Undertaken tribal skills training

• Provided initial livelihood assistance (Livestock)

• Provided initial units of toilets

• Established 3 tribal schools

• 5 ha of farm land

• literacy classes for children and adults

• Children enrolled in mainstream education

• Secondary students completed free computer skills course

• Processing of land tenure claim over the 20 hectares ancestral land

Challenges and Concerns:

1. Continuing abuses and exploitation against the Kabihugs.

2. High rate of malnutrition and health issues.

3. Un responded call for ancestral land claim.

4. Mining activities/application that use & exploit the Kabihugs.

5. Limited number of mainstream Filippinos who share the intention to support the Kabihugs plights.

Bolivia is one of Latin America’s poorest nations. The country has a history of internal conflicts, dictatorships and tensions between indigenous and non-indigenous populations.

Caritas Australia’s programs in Bolivia promote economic development, ecological sustainability and human rights in both urban and rural communities.

Bolivia

http://www.caritas.org.au/learn/where-we-work?name=Bolivia

• Bordered by 5 countries

• Border tensions

• Access to sea-ports via Chile

• Brazil is damming some Bolivian rivers to harness hydro-power for their increasing population

• Caritas projects are located in Cochabamba – the “food bowl” of Bolivia

• Indigenous People comprise 50% of the population

• Official records acknowledge 38 different indigenous groups or peoples

Indigenous people (groups or peoples

PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES

Indigenous communities practice

subsistence farming, complemented by

hunting, fishing, and wild fruit gathering.

They make crafts, and most of their

tools and household utensils. A large

part of their day is spent in these

activities.

http://www.caritas.org.au/learn/countries/bolivia

ETHNOECOTOURISM

PROJECT

ICHILO – CHIMORE RIVER SUB-BASINS

CIRI YUQUI INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY LAND (TCO)

PUERTO VILLARROEL

EXECUTING ORGANISATION: CINEP

SUPPORTING ORGANISATION: CARITAS AUTRALIA

http://www.caritas.org.au/learn/programs/la

tin-america---bolivia-ethno-ecotourism-

project

PROJECT PURPOSE

• Foster a Sustainable and Supportive Community Ethnoecotourism programme that considers:

1. Environment conservation, and natural resource management.

2. Respecting and strengthening people’s cultural and social values, and

improving their life standard.

3. Guaranteeing the profitability of tourism projects and, with local co-

responsible organisations, insuring resources are distributed to sustain the communities’ own development projects and programmes.

CONCEPTUAL FRAME

NATURAL RESOURCE USE AND

MANAGEMENT

REVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND

WISDOM

PRODUCTIVE ECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT WITH IDENTITY

ENDOGENOUS DEVELOPMENT

PROJECT OBJECTIVE

• Organised women and children as main protagonists.

• Integrated programme of sustainable and supportive community ethno-ecotourism that may enhance life conditions for indigenous families in the CIRI YUQUI TCO.

Justice Response

• Is compassionate

• Is active, moving beyond pity or shock

• Asks the questions i.e. why does drought affect Africans catastrophically, but less so in Australia

• What are the structures, economic, political & social that condemn millions to live in poverty

• How can I respond? What can I do?

• Who can I work with? What guides my action?

Think resources-think Caritas Australia:

www.caritas.org.au

Basic health Education Climate justice Disability Women and development Disaster risk reduction Food security and agriculture HIV/AIDS Indigenous rights Peacebuilding and reconciliation Water and sanitation Source: http://www.caritas.org.au/learn/development-

approach

Caritas Australia Projects…in line with achieving the MDG’s

http://www.caritas.org.au/act/a-just-climate

Education - Advocacy www.caritas.org.au/act

Walk as One Resources

• “Walk as One “ Report

• Film with teacher notes

• Screening guide

• Lesson suggestions

• Campaign Report

• FAQs

All available at: www.caritas.org.au/walkasone

Search by topic to find and use resources in an integrated inquiry approach

Download the education resources brochure for full curriculum links

Global Community

Film Study Guide and Urbanisation Focus Study (Secondary)

www.blueprintforabetterworld.org

To End Poverty

Promote Justice

Uphold Dignity

CARITAS AUSTRALIA

Tracking the Gaps-Australia http://www.publicpractice.com.au/PDF%20Files/Indigenous%20Portrait%202011M%20Aust%20sa

mple.pdf Australian Bureau of Statistics:

http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mf/4727.0.55.006

• Caritas Australia:……………………….

• World Bank:Pacific Catastrophic Risk Assessemnt and Financing Initiative, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTDISASTER/Resources/SolomonIslands.pdacce , accessed 23/06/14

• Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery 2012, accessed 27/06/14http://www.gfdrr.org/sites/gfdrr.org/files/SOLOMON_ISLANDS.pdf

• Walk as One campaign resources: accessed 09/07/14 http://www.caritas.org.au/act/walk-as-one-indigenous-peoples-campaign

• World Health Organisation, accessed 27/06/14 http://www.who.int/gho/countries/slb/en/

• United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, accessed 09/07/14: http://undesadspd.org/indigenouspeoples/declarationontherightsofindigenouspeoples.aspx

• UNEP-United Nations Environment Program-

• http://www.unep.org/climatechange/mitigation/Default.aspx

• Millennium Development Goals for Indigenous People; http://www.snapundp.org/elibrary/Publications/MDGsAndIndigenousPeoples.pdf

Photo credits

Picture credits

• http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/

Products/6287.0~2010~Chapter~Unemployment • Richard Wainwright • Caritas Australia