brt: made in latin america

BRT: Made in Latin America

Dario Hidalgo

Luis Gutierrez

EMBARQ, The WRI Center for Sustainable Transport

Brookings Institution

Washington DC, March 8, 2011

BRT around the world

120 cities with BRT Systems and Bus Corridors

4,335 km

6,683 stations

30,000 buses

26.8 million passengers per weekday 1% of the world´s urban population (2010)

1.4 times the combined population of New York and Newark (2010)

1 12

10

1 1 12

1 12

1 1

5

1 12

54

87

8 8 8

13

1716

0

25

50

75

100

125

0

5

10

15

20

25

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Cities with BRT/Bus Corridors

Bogotá TransMilenioLos Angeles Metrorapid

Curitiba

Guanghzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang -ChinaJaipur - India; Pelembang, Gorontalo, Surakata - Indonesia

Bangkok - Thailand; East London Transit - UKJoão Pessoa - Brazil; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga - ColombiaEstado México - México; Lima - Perú; Brampton - Canada

Bogotá TransMilenioLos Angeles Metrorapid

Curitiba

Guanghzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang -ChinaJaipur - India; Pelembang, Gorontalo, Surakata - Indonesia

Bangkok - Thailand; East London Transit - UKJoão Pessoa - Brazil; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga - ColombiaEstado México - México; Lima - Perú; Brampton - Canada

Bogotá TransMilenioLos Angeles Metrorapid

Curitiba

Guanghzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang -ChinaJaipur - India; Pelembang, Gorontalo, Surakata - Indonesia

Bangkok - Thailand; East London Transit - UKJoão Pessoa - Brazil; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga - ColombiaEstado México - México; Lima - Perú; Brampton - Canada

Source: EMBARQ BRT/Bus Corridors Database, January, 2011

Source: CTS Brasil, EMBARQ BRT/Bus Corridors Database, January, 2011

32 cities in LAC with BRT or bus corridors(26% of the world)

16

1

5

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2

5

1

1

1,330 km (31%)

2,686 stations (40%)

16,856 buses (56%)

17.6 million passengers per weekday (66%)

Curitiba, RIT, 72 km median busways2.3 million pax/dayInitial Corridor 1972

Curitiba new BRT Corridor (2009-2010)

Rodovia BR116 “Before”Photo: URBS

Linha Verde “Now”Photo: CTS Brasil

Linha Verde “Future”Image: URBS

Curitiba – 35 years with a coordinated land use and transport plan with a BRT backbone

Fuente: Arq. Antonio Juarez Nakamura, Presentación en IV Seminario Internacional de Arquitectura – Universidad Piloto de Colombia, Bogotá, Agosto de 2002

Travel Time (2007)

Source: Observatorio Movilidad Urbana CAF http://omu.caf.com/

Hour/person/day

Tailpipe Emissions(2007)

Source: Observatorio Movilidad Urbana CAF http://omu.caf.com/

Ton per day per million people

Road Safety (2007)

Source: Observatorio Movilidad Urbana CAF http://omu.caf.com/

Road Fatalities per 100,000 people

Quito, Metrobús-Q, 37 Km median busways, 440,000 pax/day

Initial corridor in 1995

Bogotá, TransMilenio, 84 Km median busways, 1,7 million pax/day Initial Corridor 2000

Bogotá TransMilenio Eje Ambiental Avenida Jiménez

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Expressway LanesTransMilenio, Bogota

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Total Public Transport

Traditional Public TransportTransMilenio BRTS

Private (Car, Two Wheeler)

Active Transport (Walking, Bicycle)

Main mode of transport 1998-2009

Fatalities in Bogotá Over Time

1299

11651106

1014923

698788

665

551511

564

1171

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

Source: Anuario Estadístico, Ministerio de Transporte, Colombia

Fatalities Reduced (Baseline vs. Project)Av. Caracas BRT Corridor, TransMilenio, Bogotá

6260

47

38

29

18 18

23

10 96

14

26

25

13

14

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2020

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talid

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es

Total Corredor Asociadas a TransMilenio

Tendencia con Proyecto Tendencia Sin Proyecto

Data: TRANSMILENIO S.A.

Sao Paulo, 104 Km median busways + preferential buslanes, 5,761,000 pax/day

Initial busways 1980, Reconstructed in 2003

León de Guanajuato, México, Optibús,

31 Km median busways (60% segregated) Initial corridor 2003

México City, Metrobús, 66 Km median busways, 570,000 pax/day

Initial Corridor 2005

Pereira, Colombia, Megabús, 27 Km Busways, 155,000 pax/day

Initial Operation in 2006

Pereira, Colombia

Photos courtesy of Megabus, Pereira, Colombia

Guayaquil, Ecuador, Metrovía,

16 Km Busways, 96,000 pax/day

Initial Corridor 2006

Photos by D. Hidalgo

Santiago, Chile, 19 Km busways + 63 Km of road improvements, Integrated Network for 5 Million Trips/day

Initial Operation in 2007

Guatemala City, February 2007

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Pes

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)

Cali, Colombia 27 Km busways130,000 pax/day

Initial Operation in 2009

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Macrobús, Guadalajara, México

Transmetro, Barranquilla, Colombia

• Opened 10 July 2010

• 13.4 km dedicated busway

• 15 Stations

• 92 articulated buses

• 32,0000 pax/day

Photo via transmetro.gov.co

Sources: http://transmetro.gov.co/web2010/Ministry of Transport, Mass Transit Group, Oct 2010

Metrolínea, Bucaramanga, Colombia

•Opened 21 December 2009•8.9 km trunk corridor•7.7 auxiliary corridors (25.2 km plan.)• 24 stations • 75,000 pax/day

Photo: http://www.metrolinea.gov.co/

Source: Ministry of Transport, Mass Transit Group, Oct 2010

Mexibús, Estado México, México

• Initial operation Nov 30, 2010

• 16 km exclusive busway

• 21 stations

• 130,000 pax/day (expected)

Photo: http://transeunte.org/tag/mexibus/

Source: http://transporteinformativo.com/pasaje/inicia-operaciones-mexibus-con-63-autobuses-articulados-volvo

Metropolitano, Lima, Peru

• Initial Operation, May 2010

• First high capacity bus system with CNG only

• 27 km busways, 80% with overtaking at stations

• 35 stations

• 308 articulated buses

• 82,000 pax/day south section (854,000 pax/day expected)

• 21 km/hour commercial speed

Photo: Protransporte, Lima, May 2010

Source: Menckhoff, G., Ochoa, C., Ardila, A. “El Metropolitano de Lima: Implementación y Primeros Resultados de un Nuevo Sistema BRT” CLATPU, Octubre 2010

http://www.embarq.org/en/modernizing-public-transportation

Varied throughput(2009)

Commercial speed (2009)

Capital Cost(2009)

Filename/RPS Number

What Went Wrong• Rushed implementation

• Very tight financial planning

• Very high occupancy levels

• Early deterioration of infrastructure

• Issues with technological components

• Insufficient user education

Common problems

Latin American Association of Integrated Bus Systems and

BRT Agencies

Lessons for the US

Good performance

High capacity

Low cost

Rapid implementation

High positive impact Travel time, emissions, accidents

BRT is a feature or an aspiration of most citiesBRT is a feature or an aspiration of most cities

¡Muchas Gracias!

Volvo Research and Educational Foundations

Rapid growth of BRT Systems and Bus Corridors in 2010, specially in developing cities

16 cities started operations in 2010 (13% growth)

China (4), Indonesia (3), Colombia (2), India, Thailand, Brazil, México, Perú, UK, Canada

21 corridors; 396 km; 464 stations; 2,047 buses

1.4 million passengers per weekday (5% growth)

7 cities expanded corridors in 2010, 125 km

49 new cities with corridors under construction

16 cities expanding their corridors

31 new cities in planning stages

Cities with the most used BRT/Bus Corridors Networks 2010

Name Corridors Km Pax/day Prioridade Transporte Colectivo, Sao Paulo, Brazil 10 301.3 6,843,664 Rede Integrada de Transporte, Curitiba, Brazil 6 72.0 2,260,000 TransMilenio, Bogota, Colombia 7 84.0 1,700,000 Busways, Taipei, China Taiwan 10 30.3 1,680,000 Tehran BRT, Iran 5 91.0 1,440,000 Prioridade Transporte Colectivo, Porto Alegre, Brazil 10 57.2 1,170,000 Guangzhou BRT, China 1 22.5 800,000 Optibus, Leon, Mexico 4 31.0 700,000 Metrobus, Istanbul, Turkey 2 43.0 700,000 Metrobus, Mexico City, Mexico 2 66.0 570,000 Metrorapid, Los Angeles, USA 21 390.2 464,600 Metrobus-Q, Quito, Ecuador 3 42.2 440,000 Prioridade Transporte Colectivo, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 2 23.7 435,000

Source: EMBARQ BRT/Bus Corridors Database, January, 2011

Dark color strong segregation, stations with prepayment

Cities with the Longest BRT/Bus Corridors Networks 2010

Name Corridors KmMetrorapid, Los Angeles, California 21 390.2Prioridade Transporte Colectivo, Sao Paulo, Brazil 10 301.3SmartBus, Melbourne, Australia 4 233.0MIO, Cali, Colombia 6 179.0Trans Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia 10 172.2LINK, Phoenix, USA 4 128.0Metrobus, Monterrey, Mexico 3 101.0Tehran BRT, Iran 5 91.0Trans Hulonthanlangi, Indonesia 3 90.0Trans Jogja, Indonesia 3 90.0TransMilenio, Bogota, Colombia 7 84.0TransMetro, Pekanbaru, Indonesia 2 74.0Rede Integrada de Transporte, Curitiba, Brazil 6 72.0

Source: EMBARQ BRT/Bus Corridors Database, January, 2011

Dark color strong segregation, stations with prepayment

Systems expansions 2010

Name City Expansion (growth)

Transjakarta Jakarta, Indonesia +48 km (34%)

BRT Teheran Teheran, Iran +21km (31%)

Janmarg Ahmedabad, India +20 km (105%)

Select Bus New York City +14 km (121%)

Xiamen BRT Xiamen, China +11 km (28%)

Hangzhou BRT Hangzhou, China +6 km (46%)

Optibús León, México +5 km (19%)

125 km 3% increase over existing km in 2009 Source: EMBARQ BRT/Bus Corridors Database, January, 2011

Region Country 49 Cities with BRT/Bus Corridors under Construction Dec 2010

Africa(3)

Ghana (1) Accra (Ghana),

South Africa (2) Cape Town, Nelson Mandela Bay

Asia(12)

India (6) Surat, Indore, Bhopal, Vishakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Rajkot

Jordan (1) Amman

Korea, Republic (1) Changwon

Turkey (1) Kocaeli (Izmit)

Europe(23)

France (20) Annenasse, Antibes-Sophia Antipolis, Cannes, La Rochelle, Lille, Lyon, Metz, Nancy, Nice, Nimes, Perpignan, Rennes, Saint-Brieuc, Saint-Etienne, Saint-Nazaire, Saint-Pierre-de la-Reunion, Sait-Paul-de-la-Reunion, Toulouse, Tours, Valenciennes

Italy (1) Bologna,

UK (2) Cambridge, Leigh-Salford-Manchester

Latin America and the Caribbean(10)

Argentina (1) Buenos Aires

Colombia (3) Cartagena, Medellín, Soacha

México (1) Monterrey

Panamá (1) Panamá City

Paraguay (1) Asunción

Perú (1) Arequipa

Puerto Rico (1) San Juan

Venezuela (1) Barquisimeto

USA and Canada (9)

USA (9) Albany (NY), Austin (TX), Berkeley (CA), Fort Collins (CO), Grand Rapids (MI), Roaring Forks Valley (CO), San Bernardino (CA), San Francisco (CA), Seattle (WA)

Source: EMBARQ BRT/Bus Corridors Database, January, 2011

Region Country 16 Cities with BRT/Bus Corridors under Expansion December 2010

Africa (1) South Africa (1) Johannesburg

Asia(4)

India (3) Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Pune

Iran (1) Teheran

Latin America and the Caribbean(10)

Brasil (5) Belo Horizonte, Curitiba, Porto Alegre, Recife, Salvador

Colombia (2) Bogotá, Cali

Guatemala (1) Guatemala City

México (2) León, México City

USA and Canada (1)

USA (1) New York City (NY)

Source: EMBARQ BRT/Bus Corridors Database, January, 2011

Region Country 31 Cities Planning BRT/Bus Corridors December 2010

Africa (11)

Ethiopia (1) Addis Abeba

Kenia (1) Nairobi

South Africa (7) Tshwane (Pretoria), Bloemfontein, Durban (eThekwini), East London, Ekurhuleni, Polokwane, Rustemburg

Tanzania (1) Dar es Salaam

Uganda (1) Kampala

Asia(4)

China (5) Shanghai, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Wuxi, Xi'an

Mongolia (1) Ulan Bator

Europe (2) UK (2) Bath-Sommerset, Glasgow

Latin America and the Caribbean(12)

Brasil (3) Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro, Uberlandia

Colombia (1) Cúcuta

Ecuador (1) Cuenca

El Salvador (1) San Salvador

México (6) Chihuahua, Chimalhuacan, Guadalajara, Mexicali, Oaxaca, Tijuana

Oceania Australia Brisbane (expansion)

USA and Canada (2)

USA (2) Chicago, IL; Santa Clara, CA

Source: EMBARQ BRT/Bus Corridors Database, January, 2011