breastfeeding mics3 data analysis and report writing
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Breastfeeding
MICS3 Data Analysis and Report Writing
Background
• Breastmilk alone contains all the nutrients, antibodies, hormones and antioxidants an infant needs to thrive.
• Breastmilk protects babies from diarrhea and acute respiratory infections, stimulates their immune systems and response to vaccination, and, according to some studies, confers cognitive benefits as well.
• Continued breastfeeding to two years, accompanied by appropriate complementary feeding, maintains good nutritional status and continues to help prevent diarrhea.
International Goals & Targets
To protect, promote and support exclusive
breastfeeding for 6 months and continued breastfeeding with safe, appropriate and adequate complementary
feeding up to 2 years of age and beyond
Background
WHO/UNICEF Feeding Recommendations
• Exclusive breastfeeding for first six months
• Continued breastfeeding for two years or more
• Safe, appropriate and adequate complementary
foods beginning at 6 months
• Frequency of complementary feeding: 2 times
per day for 6-8 month olds; 3 times per day for
9-11 month olds
Background
Recommended Breastfeeding Patterns
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Exclusive breastfeeding(0-5 months)
Complementary feeding
(6-9 months)
Continued breastfeeding
(12-15 months)
Continued breastfeeding
(20-23 months)
List of Indicators
• Exclusive breastfeeding rate (< 6 mos. & < 4 mos.)
• Timely complementary feeding rate (6-9 mos.)
• Continued breastfeeding rate (12-15 & 20-23 mos.)
• Timely initiation of breastfeeding (within 1 hour of birth)
• Frequency of complementary feeding (6-11 mos.)
• Adequately fed infants (0-11 mos.)
Definition of Indicator
Exclusive Breastfeeding (< 6 months)Percentage of infants exclusively breastfed for
the first six (or four) months of life
Numerator: Number of infants aged 0-5 (or 0-3) months exclusively breastfed
Denominator: Number of infants aged 0-5 (or 0-3) months surveyed
Methodological Issues
• “Current status approach” is used to calculate indicators – asks about feeding status within
24 hours of the survey. Caretakers asked the following for each child under five:- Whether child was ever and is currently breastfed
- What liquids or foods child was fed in preceding 24 hours
- How many times child was given non-liquid foods in 24 hours prior to interview
• Precision of indicators poor - Numbers of children in age ranges of interest (< 4 mos., < 6 mos. , 6-9 mos., 12-15 mos., 20-23 mos.) are likely to be small; precision of indicators lower than others
Methodological Issues
• Exclusive breastfeeding refers to infants who receive only breastmilk, or breastmilk and vitamins, mineral supplements or medicine
Tabulation PlanTable NU.3: Breastfeeding
Regional Exclusive BF
Exclusive Breastfeeding Rate (0-5 months)
43 41 3829
22 20
36
0
20
40
60
80
100
East A
sia/P
acifi
c
East/S
outh
ern A
frica
South A
sia
Mid
dle E
ast/N
orth A
frica
CEE/CIS
West
/Cen
tral A
frica
Devel
oping
countri
es
% infants exclusively breasfed for the first six months of life
Exclusive BF (ROSA)
Exclusive Breasfeeding Rate (0-5 months)
38
10
16
36
37
68
84
0 20 40 60 80 100
South Asia
Maldives
Pakistan
Bangladesh
India
Nepal
Sri Lanka
% infants exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life
Exclusive BF (WCARO)
20
124456
171718192021232424242526
353738
535657
0 20 40 60 80 100
West/Central Africa
NigerChad
CongoSierra LeoneCôte d'Ivoire
GabonCAR
NigeriaTogo
Burkina FasoMauritaniaCameroon
GuineaCongo, Dem Rep
Eq. GuineaSenegal
MaliGambiaLiberia
Guinea-BissauBenin
GhanaSao Tome/Principe
Cape Verde% infants
exclusively
breastfed
for the
first 6 months
of life
Exclusive BF (TACRO)
2791011
222424242526
31353535
383941
515456
6367
0 20 40 60 80 100
Trinidad and Tobago
Venezuela
Suriname
Dominican Republic
Guyana
Paraguay
Belize
El Salvador
Haiti
Panama
Colombia
Nicaragua
Costa Rica
Ecuador
Honduras
Mexico
Grenada
Cuba
Guatemala
Bolivia
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Chile
Peru % infants
exclusively
breastfed
for the
first 6 months
of life
Exclusive BF (EAPRO)
43
41112
1515
1923
2931
3440
47505151
59596062636565
80
0 20 40 60 80 100
East Asia/Pacific
ThailandAngola
CambodiaMyanmarViet Nam
Cook IslandsLao PDRMalaysia
Timor-LestePhilippines
IndonesiaFiji
VanuatuChina
MongoliaPalau
PNGMicronesia
TongaMarshall IslandsKorea, Dem RepSolomon Islands
Kiribati
% infants
exclusively
breastfed
for the
first 6 months
of life
Exclusive BF (ESARO)
41
7
9
11
13
15
19
21
21
24
30
33
34
40
41
44
52
55
62
63
67
84
0 20 40 60 80 100
East/Southern Africa
South Africa
Somalia
Angola
Kenya
Lesotho
Namibia
Comoros
Mauritius
Swaziland
Mozambique
Zimbabwe
Botswana
Zambia
Tanzania
Malawi
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Burundi
Uganda
Madagascar
Rwanda% infants
exclusively
breastfed
for the
first 6 months
of life
Exclusive BF (CEE/CIS)
22
6
6
7
11
13
18
19
21
22
23
24
30
36
37
50
0 20 40 60 80 100
CEE/CIS
Albania
Bosnia/Herzegovina
Azerbaijan
Serbia/Montenegro
Turkmenistan
Georgia
Uzbekistan
Turkey
Ukraine
Croatia
Kyrgyzstan
Armenia
Kazakhstan
Macedonia TFYR
Tajikistan % infants
exclusively
breastfed
for the
first 6 months
of life
Exclusive BF (MENA)
29
12
12
12
12
13
16
27
27
29
30
31
31
34
34
44
47
81
0 20 40 60 80 100
Middle East/North Africa
Iraq
Kuwait
Qatar
Yemen
Algeria
Sudan
Jordan
Lebanon
OPT
Egypt
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Bahrain
UAE
Iran
Tunisia
Syria % infants
exclusively
breastfed
for the
first 6 months
of life
Definition of Indicator
Timely Complementary Feeding (6-9 mos.)Percentage of infants aged 6-9 months that are receiving breastmilk and complementary food
Numerator: Number of infants aged 6-9 months that are receiving breastmilk and complementary food
Denominator: Number of infants aged 6-9 months surveyed
Methodological Issues
• Complementary feeding refers to children who receive breastmilk and solid or semi-solid food
Timely Complementary Feeding (6-9 months)
44 45 45 45
6065
69
51
0
20
40
60
80
100
Regional Complementary Feeding Coverage
Timely Complementary Feeding (6-9 months)
45
8
12
24
33
38
39
49
51
71
73
77
0 20 40 60 80 100
CEE/CIS
Macedonia, TFYR
Georgia
Albania
Serbia/Montenegro
Turkey
Azerbaijan
Uzbekistan
Armenia
Turkmenistan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (CEE/CIS)
% infants aged 6-9 months who are breastfed with
complementary food
44
10
31
32
55
58
66
71
72
74
75
82
0 20 40 60 80 100
East Asia/Pacific
Lao, PDR
DPRK
China
Mongolia
Philippines
Myanmar
Thailand
Cambodia
PNG
Indonesia
Timor-Leste
Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (EAPRO)
% infants aged 6-9 months who are breastfed with
complementary food
Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (WCARO)
% infants aged 6-9 months who are breastfed with
complementary food
65
32363738
435153
5662626464646566
7073
7777787980
94
0 20 40 60 80 100
West/Central Africa
Mali
Guinea-Bissau
Gambia
Burkina Faso
Guinea
Sierra Leone
Sao Tome and Principe
Niger
Gabon
Ghana
Cape Verde
Nigeria
Senegal
Togo
Benin
Liberia
Côte d'Ivoire
Central African Republic
Chad
Mauritania
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Cameroon
Congo
69
13
34
43
43
46
51
57
57
60
67
75
77
78
79
80
84
87
90
9193
0 20 40 60 80 100
East/Southern Africa
Somalia
Comoros
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Burundi
Lesotho
Botswana
Namibia
Swaziland
South Africa
Uganda
Angola
Madagascar
Rwanda
Mozambique
Kenya
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Tanzania, United Republic of
Malawi
Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (ESARO)
% infants aged 6-9 months who
are breastfed with
complementary food
45
1925
303638
414242
47
4750
54586061
676870
73747676
0 20 40 60 80 100
Latin America/Caribbean
Trinidad/Tobago
Suriname
Brazil
Mexico
Panama
DR
Cuba
Guyana
Chile
Costa Rica
Venezuela
Belize
Colombia
Paraguay
Honduras
Guatemala
Nicaragua
Ecuador
Haiti
Bolivia
El Salvador
Peru
Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (TACRO)
% infants aged 6-9 months who are breastfed with
complementary food
Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (MENA)
% infants aged 6-9 months who are breastfed with
complementary food
60
26
35
38
47
48
50
51
52
60
65
66
70
72
76
78
92
0 20 40 60 80 100
Middle East/North Africa
Kuwait
Lebanon
Algeria
Sudan
Qatar
Syrian Arab Republic
Iraq
United Arab Emirates
Saudi Arabia
Bahrain
Morocco
Jordan
Egypt
Yemen
Occupied Palestinian Territory
Oman
Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (ROSA)
% infants aged 6-9 months who are breastfed with
complementary food
45
29
31
44
66
69
85
0 20 40 60 80 100
South Asia
Afghanistan
Pakistan
India
Nepal
Bangladesh
Maldives
Definition of Indicator
Continued Breastfeeding (12-15 & 20-23 mos.)Percentage of infants aged 12-15 and 20-23
months who are currently breastfeeding
Numerator: Number of infants aged 12-15 or 20-23 months who are currently breastfeeding
Denominator: Number of infants aged 12-15 or 20-23 months surveyed
Regional Continued BF Coverage
Continued Breastfeeding Rate (20-23 months)
23 26 26 27
4858
69
46
0
20
40
60
80
100
Continued breasfeeding rate (20-23 months)
26
6
10
11
12
13
16
17
21
24
27
45
0 20 40 60 80 100
CEE/CIS
Albania
Macedonia, TFYR
Serbia/Montenegro
Georgia
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Continued breastfeeding (CEE/CIS)
% infants
still
breastfeeding
(20-23 months)
58
8
11
25
30
35
37
37
45
50
55
57
58
58
62
64
65
71
77
7785
0 20 40 60 80 100
East/Southern Africa
Somalia
Botswana
Swaziland
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Namibia
Angola
Comoros
Uganda
Tanzania
Kenya
Lesotho
Zambia
Eritrea
Madagascar
Mozambique
Rwanda
Ethiopia
Malawi
Burundi
Continued breastfeeding (ESARO)
% infants
still
breastfeeding
(20-23 months)
48
91313
2934
3842
4549
52535354
576162
6566676769
7381
0 20 40 60 80 100
West/Central Africa
Gabon
Cape Verde
Congo
Cameroon
Nigeria
Côte d'Ivoire
Sao Tome/Principe
Liberia
Senegal
Congo, Dem Rep
CAR
Sierra Leone
Gambia
Mauritania
Niger
Benin
Togo
Chad
Ghana
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Guinea
Burkina Faso
Continued breastfeeding (WCARO)
% infants
still
breastfeeding
(20-23 months)
27
12
15
26
27
32
35
37
47
57
59
59
66
67
0 20 40 60 80 100
East Asia/Pacific
Malaysia
China
Viet Nam
Thailand
Philippines
Timor-Leste
DPRK
Lao, PDR
Mongolia
Cambodia
Indonesia
PNG
Myanmar
Continued breastfeeding (EAPRO)
% infants
still
breastfeeding
(20-23 months)
Continued breastfeeding (ROSA)
% infants
still
breastfeeding
(20-23 months)
69
54
56
66
73
92
94
0 20 40 60 80 100
South Asia
Afghanistan
Pakistan
India
Sri Lanka
Nepal
Bangladesh
Continued breastfeeding (MENA)
% infants
still
breastfeeding
(20-23 months)
23
0
6
9
11
11
12
15
21
22
22
23
27
29
30
31
40
41
73
0 20 40 60 80 100
Middle East/North Africa
Iran
Syria
Kuwait
Lebanon
OPT
Jordan
Morocco
Qatar
Algeria
Tunisia
Libya
Iraq
UAE
Saudi Arabia
Egypt
Sudan
Bahrain
Oman
26
9
10
11
12
16
17
21
21
23
25
25
30
31
31
34
39
43
46
4749
0 20 40 60 80 100
Latin America/Caribbean
Cuba
Trinidad/Tobago
Suriname
Costa Rica
DR
Brazil
Mexico
Panama
Belize
Colombia
Ecuador
Haiti
Guyana
Venezuela
Honduras
Nicaragua
El Salvador
Bolivia
Guatemala
Peru
Continued breastfeeding (TACRO)
% infants
still
breastfeeding
(20-23 months)
Definition of Indicator
Timely Initiation of Breastfeeding (within 1 hour of birth)
Percentage of women that initiated breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth
Numerator: Number of women with a live birth in the 2 years prior to the survey that put the newborn infant to the breast within one hour of birth
Denominator: Number of women surveyed with a live birth in the 2 years prior to the survey
Methodological Issues
• Initial breastfeeding (within 1 hour of birth) has a denominator of women surveyed having a live birth within the 2 years prior to the survey
Tabulation PlanTable NU.2: Initial Breastfeeding
Definition of Indicator
Frequency of Complementary Feeding (6-11 mos)
Percentage of infants aged 6-11 months receiving breastmilk and complementary feeding at least the
recommended number of times per day
Numerator: Number of infants aged 6-11 months receiving breastmilk and complementary feeding at least the recommended number of times per day (2 times per day for infants aged 6-8 mos.; 3 times for those 9-11 mos.)
Denominator: Number of infants aged 6-11 months surveyed
Definition of Indicator
Adequately Fed Infants (0-11 mos.)Percentage of infants aged 0-11 months that
are appropriately fed
Numerator: Number of infants aged 0-11 months that are appropriately fed: infants aged 0-5 months that are exclusively breastfed and infants aged 6-11 months that are breastfed and ate solid or semi-solid foods the appropriate number of times yesterday
Denominator: Number of infants aged 0-11 months surveyed
Tabulation PlanTable NU.4: Adequately Fed Infants
Infant Feeding Patterns
Infant Feeding Patterns
Infant Feeding Patterns
Infant Feeding Patterns
Tabulation PlanTable NU.3W: Infant Feeding Patterns by Age
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