brain and cranial nerves and spinal cord and spinal nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Cerebral Hemisphere

• Gyri – a ridge on the cerebral cortex, generally surrounded by two sulci

• Sulci – depressions or furrows

• Longitudinal Fissure• Central Sulcus

• Precentral gyrus, Postcentral Gyrus

• Cerebral cortex– Lobes• Fontal, Parietal, Temporal and Occipital

Longitudinal fissures

• Cerebral Hemispheres • Corpus Callosum• Diencephalon• Brainstem• Cerebellum

Diencephalon and Cerebellum

• Thalmus– Olfactory bulbs and tracts– Optic chiasma (optic nerves and tract)– Mammillary bodies

• Hypothalamus– Pituitary gland– Infundibulum

• Epithalamus – pineal gland (body)• Cerebellum – arbor vitae

Brainstem

• Midbrain– Cerebral peduncles– Cerebral aquaduct– Corpora quadrigemina• Superior colliculi• Inferior colliculi

• Pons• Medulla oblongata

Meninges

• Dura mater– Periosteal layer– Meningeal layer• Dural sinuses

– Subdural space• Arachnoid mater– Arachnoid villi– Subarachnoid space

• Pia mater

CSF and Ventricles

• Cerebral Spinal Fluid• Lateral Ventricles– Choroid plexuses

• Third Ventricle– Cerebral aqueduct

• Fourth Ventricle– Central canal of spinal cord– Subarachnoid space

Choroid Plexus

Choroid Plexus

Cranial Nerves

• Olfactory (I)• Optic Nerve (II)• Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VII)• Vagus Nerve (X)

Spinal Cord and Spinal Meninges• Spinal Cord

– Conus medullaries– Cauda equine– Filum terminale– Denticulate ligaments

• Spinal Meninges– Epidural Space– Dura Mater– Arachnoid mater

• Subarachnoid Space– Pia Mater

Spinal Cord (cross-section)• White Matter

– Anterior median fissure– Posterior median fissure

• Gray Matter– Dorsal horn– Ventral horn– Lateral horn– Gray commissure

• Central canal

• Dorsal Root (sensory)– Dorsal root ganglion

• Ventral Root (motor)

Spinal Nerves

• Dorsal rami• Ventral Rami

Nerve Plexuses

• Cervical plexus ( C1 – C5)• Brachial plexus (C5 – T1)• Lumbar plexus (L1 – L4)• Sacral plexus (L4 – S4)

Nerve Plexuses

• Cervical plexus ( C1 – C5)• Brachial plexus (C5 – T1)• Lumbar plexus (L1 – L4)• Sacral plexus (L4 – S4)