brain and cranial nerves and spinal cord and spinal nerves
DESCRIPTION
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Brain and Cranial Nerves
Cerebral Hemisphere
• Gyri – a ridge on the cerebral cortex, generally surrounded by two sulci
• Sulci – depressions or furrows
• Longitudinal Fissure• Central Sulcus
• Precentral gyrus, Postcentral Gyrus
• Cerebral cortex– Lobes• Fontal, Parietal, Temporal and Occipital
Longitudinal fissures
• Cerebral Hemispheres • Corpus Callosum• Diencephalon• Brainstem• Cerebellum
Diencephalon and Cerebellum
• Thalmus– Olfactory bulbs and tracts– Optic chiasma (optic nerves and tract)– Mammillary bodies
• Hypothalamus– Pituitary gland– Infundibulum
• Epithalamus – pineal gland (body)• Cerebellum – arbor vitae
Brainstem
• Midbrain– Cerebral peduncles– Cerebral aquaduct– Corpora quadrigemina• Superior colliculi• Inferior colliculi
• Pons• Medulla oblongata
Meninges
• Dura mater– Periosteal layer– Meningeal layer• Dural sinuses
– Subdural space• Arachnoid mater– Arachnoid villi– Subarachnoid space
• Pia mater
CSF and Ventricles
• Cerebral Spinal Fluid• Lateral Ventricles– Choroid plexuses
• Third Ventricle– Cerebral aqueduct
• Fourth Ventricle– Central canal of spinal cord– Subarachnoid space
Choroid Plexus
Choroid Plexus
Cranial Nerves
• Olfactory (I)• Optic Nerve (II)• Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VII)• Vagus Nerve (X)
Spinal Cord and Spinal Meninges• Spinal Cord
– Conus medullaries– Cauda equine– Filum terminale– Denticulate ligaments
• Spinal Meninges– Epidural Space– Dura Mater– Arachnoid mater
• Subarachnoid Space– Pia Mater
Spinal Cord (cross-section)• White Matter
– Anterior median fissure– Posterior median fissure
• Gray Matter– Dorsal horn– Ventral horn– Lateral horn– Gray commissure
• Central canal
• Dorsal Root (sensory)– Dorsal root ganglion
• Ventral Root (motor)
Spinal Nerves
• Dorsal rami• Ventral Rami
Nerve Plexuses
• Cervical plexus ( C1 – C5)• Brachial plexus (C5 – T1)• Lumbar plexus (L1 – L4)• Sacral plexus (L4 – S4)
Nerve Plexuses
• Cervical plexus ( C1 – C5)• Brachial plexus (C5 – T1)• Lumbar plexus (L1 – L4)• Sacral plexus (L4 – S4)