biomass gasification overview
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Biomass gasification overview
Conference of the European Biogas Association 2014Ilkka Hannula, Esa KurkelaVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
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3
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 20201985 2025 2030
LAHTI II, 160 MW WASTE-TO-ENERGY
WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTSWITH MATERIAL RECOVERYo HIGH ELECTRIC EFFICIENCYo RECOVERY OF VALUABLE METALS
WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTSWITH MATERIAL RECOVERYo HIGH ELECTRIC EFFICIENCYo RECOVERY OF VALUABLE METALS
LIME-KILNGASIFIERS
REPLACEMENT OFFOSSIL FUELSIN BOILERS AND KILNSo WOOD, AGROBIOMASSo 10-200 MW FUEL
BIOMASS/WASTEGASIFIERS FOR POWER
CBF/BFBGASIFICATION R&DAND PILOTING
R&D ono HOT GAS FILTRATIONo WASTE AND STRAW
GASIFICATION
R&D NEEDS 2013 - 17o FILTER ASH UTILISATIONo RECOVERY OF METALSo IMPROVED GAS CLEANING
JOUTSENO LIME KILN 2012
Biomass and waste gasification for boilers and kilns
LAHTI 60 MW
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517/09/2014 5
Production of Synthesis Gas from Solid FuelsInitial step - two main approaches
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Biomass gasification for fuels and chemicals
PEAT AMMONIA PLANTOULU, FINLAND
SYNGAS R&D FOR BIOFUELSo GASIFICATION PROCESS DEVELOPMENTo CATALYTIC REFROMINGo FINAL GAS CLEANINGo TESTING OF SYNTHESIS CATALYSTS
GASIFICATIONR&D AND PILOTINGUSA, GERMANY,SWEDEN, FINLAND
2010 2015 20201985 2005 203020001995 2025
BIO-DME PLANTPITEÅ, SWEDEN
GTI PILOT, USA
NSE BIOFUELS, FINLAND
BIO-FUELS ANDCHEMICALSo DIESEL, MeOH, DME,
SNG, H2, GASOLINEo OLEFINS, OTHER CHEMICALSo FOREST & AGRO-INDUSTRY
INTEGRATIONo INTEGRATION TO HEAT
AND POWERo INTEGRATION TO SOLAR &
WIND ENERGYo NEW WASTE-TO-FUEL
CONCEPTS
SKIVE CHP, DENMARK
CEGABTL 2015 - 2017o IMPROVED LARGE-SCALE
GASIFICATION PROCESSo NEW PROCESSES FOR SMALLER SCALEo SIMPLER, CHEAPER GAS CLEANINGo NEW CONCEPTS FOR INTEGRATED
PRODUCTION OF FUELS, POWER AND HEAT
Updated Techno-EconomicAssessment• Detailed evaluation of 20
individual plant configurations• MeOH, DME, FTL & MTG• Plant configurations technically
proven at pre-commercial scale• Impact of further R&D to the
overall economics estimated• Large scale: 300 MWth of
biomass (~1500 mtpd, dry)• Nth plant economics• Available for download:
http://bit.ly/192Vl3G
*Liquid transportation fuels via large-scale fluidised-bed gasification of lignocellulosic biomass, Hannula, Ilkka; & Kurkela, Esa 2013. VTT, Espoo. 114 p. + app. 3 p. VTT Technology: 91
• Mature technology• No investment support• No CO2 credits• No tax assumptions
Gasoline@150$/bbl
Gasoline@100$/bbl
Before taxRef.margin: 13.4$/bbl
1€ = 1.33$ (2010)
Levelised production cost estimates*300 MW biomass @ 17 €/MWh, 0.12 ann. factorElectricity 50 €/MWh, DH 30 €/MWh@5500 h/a
DUAL-BED STEAM GASIFIERFeatures- No oxygen needed- Large steam consumption- Challenging to pressurise- Reactor size limited to
100MWth?
Biomass
Steam Air
Fluegas
~80 % ofcarbon to
product gasand tars
Source: Göteborg Energi
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Fully indirectproduction route(no oxygen needed)
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Levelised production cost estimates100 MW biomass @ 18 €/MWh, 0.12 ann. factorElectricity 50 €/MWh, DH 30 €/MWh@5500 h/a
Fully indirectproduction route(no oxygen needed)
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Levelised production cost estimates100 MW biomass @ 18 €/MWh, 0.12 ann. factorElectricity 50 €/MWh, DH 30 €/MWh@5500 h/a
Fully indirectproduction route(no oxygen needed)
External costs not included- pressurisation- distribution- vehicle related costs
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Take home messages
Successful biomass gasification plants built continuously since late 1970Suitable technology depends on feedstock, scale and applicationMore demanding applications require cleaner gas –> increase in CAPEXLarge CAPEX calls for large scale and high on-stream factorsWaste gasification brings down feedstock costs but puts additionalrequirements for technologyNo clear answer to “what fuel to produce”. Solution is systemic.Technology for synthetic biofuels production technically demonstratedat precommercial scale –> near-term deployment possible
TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS
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