biofuels as an alternate fuel the indian scenario

BIOFUELS AS AN ALTERNATE BIOFUELS AS AN ALTERNATE FUEL FUEL

THE INDIAN SCENARIOTHE INDIAN SCENARIO

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Biofuels are …Biofuels are …

Alternate fuels produced from Biomass resources

Biomass is the oldest source of energy, currently account for 10% of primary energy consumption

Biomass is a sustainable and environment friendly feedstock that contributes significantly to a diverse energy portfolio

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Global Status of biofuel productionGlobal Status of biofuel production

IEA 2010

2000 2008

83 billion litre

1.5% of global transport fuel consumption

Year

4 Fold increase

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The Biofuel Generations The Biofuel Generations

First Generation

Second Generation

Next

Generation

• Biodiesel from Jatropha

• Bioethanol from Molasses

Established technology, already commercialized

• Lignocellulosic ethanol

• Algal Biofuels

Many at Pilot plant or demonstration stage

• Biobutanol • Bio-hydrogen• Green Diesel• Biomethyl furan • Bio-dimethyl ether

Cutting edge technologies – require R&D intervention

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National Status of BiofuelNational Status of Biofuel

In India oil production and consumption graph over the last two decades shows exponential increase of net import

Biofuel Production 2008

• 1.08 b. litre of ethanol

• 0.24 b. litre of biodiesel

(IEA Market Report 2009)

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The Potential in India for BiofuelsThe Potential in India for Biofuels

Strengths Alternate fuel source

Energy security of the country

Less GHG emissions, environment friendly

Higher Cetane number and better lubricating effect for biodiesel

Weaknesses Wasteland requirements

Need for engine modifications in higher blends

Market still in nascent stage

Still in field trial stage in India

Opportunities National Biodiesel policy

Keen interest of private players

R&D across the sector

Less dependency on depleting fossil fuels

Threats The discovery of huge gas reserves in India may

push biofuels on the backfoot

Food vs. fuel debate

Cost effectiveness of Biofuels

Raw material

DBT-CII Report 2010

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National Biofuel PolicyNational Biofuel Policy

Goal

• To ensure that a minimum level of biofuels become available to meet the demand.

Target

• 20% blending of biofuels by 2017

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Research Priorities Research Priorities

Feed stock Development and Improvement

Improved Production Technologies

Biorefinery based fuels and biochemicals

Algal Biofuel

Synthetic Biofuel

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Major Biofuels being researched uponMajor Biofuels being researched upon

Biofuel FeedStock Technology

Biodiesel Jatropha, TBO Transesterification batch / continuous process

Bioethanol Cellulosic – Agricultural & forestry waste

Pre-treatment enzyme modification

Bio-butanol

Bio-hyrogen

Algae – Micro & Macro

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

Bio-hydrocarbon Biomass Synthetic biology

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SNo Biofuel Feedstock

Status Intervention required

1 Biodiesel – Jatropha

Technology available Improved feedstock quality germplasm

2 Bioethanol – Cellulose Biomass

• Technology at Pilot Plant / Demonstration

• Cost effective pre-treatment and fermentation technologies standardized

• Improved enzyme consortia

• Microbial strains capable of fermenting C5 & C6 sugars

• Multi feedstock pilot plant

• Enzyme engineering screening, expression and production of new cellulose

• Improved fermentation technologies – 10 fold

• Sustainable technologies for conversion of lignin to value added products.

R & D InterventionR & D Intervention

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SNo Biofuel Feedstock

Status Intervention required

3. Biobuthanol Biohydrogen

At preliminary research stage

Metabolically engineered strains

Process validation

Optimal strain development

Novel fermentation method

Butanol recovery

4. Algal Biofuel At initial stages, scattered at various centre

Algal repositories established, 2000 collections

Production technologies at small scale

Identification of high yielding, fast growing strain

Improved production system

Harvesting and processing

5. Biohydrocarbon Very preliminary, basic research

Strengthen research groups and infrastructure

Build collaborations

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R&D Efforts – Agencies involvedR&D Efforts – Agencies involved

Ministry of Agriculture – Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Ministry of Defence – Defence Research Development Organization

Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE)

Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas – Indian Oil Corporation

Ministry of Science & Technology

• Council of Scientific & Industrial Research

• Department of Biotechnology

• Department of Science & Technology

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DBT’s Energy Bioscience Program DBT’s Energy Bioscience Program

VisionVision

To make available, economically viable To make available, economically viable

alternative fuel from Biomass to meet the energy alternative fuel from Biomass to meet the energy

deficit and national targets of biofuel blending deficit and national targets of biofuel blending

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Goals and TargetsGoals and Targets

Ethanol from cellulosic biomass by 2012 (agricultural and forestry waste)

Biodiesel from varied feed stocks

Harness optimally the energy potential of all natural resources for conversion to alternative fuel

Create alternative second generation biofuels through synthetic biology

National Programme on Energy BiosciencesNational Programme on Energy Biosciences

More than 53 research institutes, universities and industries involved

Bioethanol

Algal Biofuel

Biodiesel

Energy Energy Bioscience Bioscience

CentreCentre

Capacity Building

• Re-engineered feed stock

• Re-engineered microorganisms

• Process optimization • Collection and characterization

• Establishment of repositories

• Development of production system

• Quality planting material

• Improved feed stock

• Process optimization • Biohydrogen

• Biobutanol

• Synthetic biology

• Energy Bioscience Chairs

• Energy Bioscience Overseas Fellowships

Next generation Biofuels

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DBT- ICT Centre for Energy BiosciencesDBT- ICT Centre for Energy BiosciencesIndia’s first National Bioenergy Research Centre

Multidisciplinary Centre with state-of-the-art facility for high tech R&D in enzyme technology; fermentation and bioprocess technology microbial genomics, proteomics, metabolomics

Achievements in first year of operation

Competitive Cellulosic Ethanol technology developed with rice/wheat straw; bagasse; and cotton stalk

First Pilot Plant based on ICT Technology for 10 ton biomass/day being put up by India Glycols Ltd. at Kashipur, Uttarakhand – To be operational by mid-2010

Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass – Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass – Biotechnological Interventions Biotechnological Interventions

Cellulosic Biomass Forestry and Agriculture Waste

(Prosopis, Lantana , Sweet sorghum, Agriculture waste)

Pretreatment

Hydrolysis Chemical Enzymatic Biological

Reduce cost of cellulase enzymes Combination of both enzymatic and

biological system

Develop efficient biological system

Fermentation

Recombinant microorganisms Thermotolerant Can hydrolyse both hexose and

pentose sugar Generate biocatalyst for bioconversion

of hemicellulosic sugar to products Purification / Distillation

Ethanol Waste water

Simultaneous saccharification & fermentation

Acid Hydrolysis expensive

InterventionsBarriers

Production of Jatropha Quality Material – Current Strategy

Selection of Superior material

Seed Testing

Quality material ConservationDocumentation &Characterization

Clonal Nurseries

Multi locational Agroclimatic trials

Mother stock for large plantation

Oil content30-35%

Oil quality

Yield2t/ha

Supply to State/ Forest/Nursery for further bulking

Morphological Molecular chemical

Passport data accession number

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Multi-location trials of Jatropha Multi-location trials of Jatropha across the country across the country

First systematic study for morphological, chemical and molecular characterization of germplasm

400 accessions bulked to raise 17 lakh quality plants

Collections made by institutes

Collections accessioned

Accessions used for trials

Institutions involved

Area under plantation

Number of plants in trials

1236 1118 253 13 283 ha 693696

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Feed stock improvement Feed stock improvement

R&D supported for plant improvement – oil quality, content, yield, biotic and abiotic stress

Gene prospecting for increased oil synthesis

Metabolic engineering of oil biosynthesis pathway

Molecular markers for marker aided selection

Pongamia, Mahua and Castor also being tested as potential feedstock

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Algal BiofuelsAlgal BiofuelsA National Network involving 12 Laboratories

Analytical Analytical CentreCentre

R&D for Strain improvement

• Increased Lipid

• Increased Biomass

8 Collection and characterization

Centres

3 Centres for developing

Production Systems

• Photo bioreactor

• Race way pond

• Open Sea

3 Repositories

• Cyanobacteria

• Marine Algae• Fresh water Algae

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Next Generation Fuels Next Generation Fuels

Butanol

DMF

Biohydrogen Diesel

Biomethanol

Bio-DME

Biohydrogen

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DBT-CII Study DBT-CII Study an estimate of energy and carbon balancean estimate of energy and carbon balance

Biofuel Type

Feedstock Net Energy Ratio

Net Energy Balance (GJ /kl)

Net Carbon Balance (tCO2 e/kl)

% Carbon emission reduction

Bioethanol Molasses 4.57 19.11 -1.1 75%

Sweet Sorghum 7.06 21.57 -1.4 86%

Cellulosic Biomass (Bagasse)

4.39 25.41 -1.7 70%

Cellulosic Biomass (Rice Straw)

3.32 22.79 -1.6 68%

Biodiesel Jatropha – Transesterification

3.41 63.76 -4.0 30%

Jatropha-SVO 4.38 66.73 -4.5 50%

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Capacity BuildingCapacity Building

National Chairs for scientists of eminence

National Energy Bioscience fellowships for Re-entry

Niche area Overseas fellowship

Ph.D and post doctoral fellowship at the Centers of Excellence

Specialized short term training programmes in the identified areas

Industrial trainings

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In Conclusion In Conclusion

Biofuels offer enormous potentialBiofuels offer enormous potential

Time bound, coordinated efforts will be Time bound, coordinated efforts will be

essential to exploit this potential optimally essential to exploit this potential optimally