basic computer vocabulary. terms to know personal computer cpu bit & byte hardware input &...
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Basic Computer Vocabulary
TERMS TO KNOW
PERSONAL COMPUTER
CPU
BIT & BYTE
HARDWARE
INPUT & OUTPUT
RAM & ROM
STORAGE DEVICE
SOFTWARE
OPERATING SYSTEM
NETWORK
PERSONAL COMPUTERS
• A personal computer is used by one person at a time. Includes desktop and laptop computers, MP3 players, PDA’s, etc.
• PC = Microsoft Windows OS (made by IBM, Dell, Gateway...)
• Mac = Mac OS (made only by Apple)
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
• CPU= computer’s brain
• The CPU performs calculations and carries out all the instructions you give to your computer
• CPU speed is measured in:
• Megahertz (MHz) - millions of CPU cycles per second
• Gigahertz (GHz) - billions of CPU cylcles per second
BITS & BYTES
• Computers can only process two numbers: 1 and 0.
• A bit is the smallest unit of information, always either a 1 or a 0.
• Eight bits make a byte
• 5 page paper = 40 KB (40,000 bytes)
• Movie on DVD = 5 GB (5 billion bytes)
HARDWARE•Hardware is the
collection of physical devices that make up your computer system. These devices are also called components.
INPUTS & OUTPUT PORTS
•Input = user enters information into a computer
•Output = computer delivers information back to a user
• Types of Ports:
• USB
• Firewire
• Compact Flash (CF Card)
• Secure Disk (SD Card)
•Is it an input or output?
• keyboard
• mouse
• printer
• scanner
• speakers
• digital camera
•Q: What are 3 hardware components that you can see outside the computer and what are 3 components hidden inside the computer?
Hmmm......
RAM & ROM
• A computer mainly uses 2 kinds of memory: RAM or ROM, depending on the task
• ROM = permanent information, long-term memory
• RAM = temporary information, short-term memory (erased when computer turns off)
RAM computer chips
STORAGE DEVICES
•A computer stores information in 3 main places: RAM, ROM, or storage device
•Before you save your work, the data is stored in RAM. When you save a file, you move the information from RAM to a storage device.
Storage devices:
* hard drive* flash drive
* CD’s, DVD’s, & Blue-ray
* floppy disk
How is RAM like short-term memory?
If you had a 1GB file, where could you
store it?
SOFTWARE
•Software is a set of instructions that makes it possible for your computer to perform tasks. It translates your commands into the language of binary numbers. Software can also be called a program or an application.
3 categories of software:* Operating System (OS)* Application* UtilityTypes of Software:* web browsers* email* word processing* spreadsheet* database* presentation
OPERATING SYSTEMS
• The operating system controls all the software programs and allows hardware to work properly.
Types of operating systems:
Microsoft Windows
Mac OS
Linux
Handheld OS (PDA’s MP3’s, Cell Phones, etc.MS-DOS = text
interface (“old school” way of input)
GUI = graphical user interface that allows
for point and click
Name 6 types of application software and describe what each one allows
you to do.
What types of software program controls all the other software on your
computer?
NETWORK•A computer network is a group
of computers connected together. Networks allow people to share information and resources such as printers, storage devices, and Internet connections.
•A network server is a powerful computer that lets users share storage space and applications
In a computer network, what do you call the computer that provides shared storage space and applications to other computers?
Why is it helpful for schools or companies to use a network?
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