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Page 1Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Bas Kruimer – Quanta Technology Europe
Integration of
Phasor Measurements
in EMS-SCADAEPCC11 – Altea, Spain – 25 May 2011
Page 2Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Introduction
Bas Kruimer
ABB
KEMA
ENECO / Joulz – Service Provider
Quanta Technology – Europe
Power Systems
Substation Automation
Protection, Control, Communication
SCADA – Network Control
IEC 61850
Substation / Grid Design & Engineering
Quality Management Systems
Page 3Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Page 4Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
QTE Focus Areas
Dealing with New Technologies:
Application & Technology Roadmapping
Technology & Operations Consulting
Integration of Innovations into utility systems
Smart T&D Applications RD&D:
Synchro-phasor Network and WAM
Automation, Protection, Control, Comm.
Substation Autom. – IEC 61850 – ProcessBus
Distribution Automation – DSM – EMS/DMS
SCADA EMS / CC – Applications Integration
Modeling & Impact Studies – Testing:
Dynamic Models & Transient System Studies
Impact analysis of PEV Charging
Impact analysis of Self-healing grids on CML
RTDS – Real Time Digital Simulation / Testing
Renewables Integration:
Wind farm integration on/off-shore
Long term grid developments
Solar integration in T&D grids
Interconnections & Advanced Prot. Coord.
T&D Storage – Large Scale / Distributed
Energized Services:
Live Work in Transmission Grids
OH Lines & Towers
Substations & Equipment
Power Plant Switch Yard & Grid Connection
Consultancy & Business Case
Upgrading/uprating, reconductoring,
maintenance, repairs
Bare hand – Hot stick – Robot Arm
Page 5Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Phasor Measurement System integrated with
Energy Management System
Phasor Measurement System
(to be) integrated with
Energy Management
Pacific Gas and Electric Co.
Vahid Madani
Quanta Technology
Gerry Sheblé / Damir Novosel / Tom Gentile
Page 6Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Transmission Smart Grid DOE Stimulus Funding
WECC*: 250 PMUs ($108 M)
PG&E ($50 M); BPA; SCE
NYISO: 35 PMUs ($76 M)
PJM: 90 PMUs ($28 M)
Midwest ISO: 150 PMUs ($35M)
ATC: 5 PMUs ($28 M)
Entergy: 18 PMUs ($10 M)
ISO New England: 30 PMUs ($9M)
Duke Energy: 45 PMUs ($8M)
Midwest Energy: 1 subst. ($1.5M)
*WECC – Western Energy Coordinating Council
Page 7Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Pacific Gas & Electric Company Overview
Encompasses 70,000 square miles
in Northern and Central CA
Population served – 16 million
More than 139,000 circuit miles
of T&D electric lines
More than 45,800 miles of
natural gas pipelines
5 million electric and 4 million gas
customer accounts
20,835 schools
3,250 hospitals
20,700 high-tech companies
770 military facilities
Page 8Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
PG&E WAMS Project Overview
▪ Objectives:
▪ Integrate Synchro-phasor technology into electrical grid
▪ Applications to improve performance and customer service
▪ Improve coordination with ISO and neighboring systems
▪Overall scope:
▪ Identify PMU number and location
▪ Communication infrastructure
▪ Applications deployment as a part of the overall Roadmap: Operational, Engineering, Protection and Control, etc.
▪ Training, standards, testing and maintenance
▪ Cyber security / CIP – Critical Infrastructure Protection
▪ POC – Proof of Concept – stage may drive some adjustment
▪ Schedule: 3 years
Page 9Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
PG&E WAMS / Synchro-phasor Project Team
Strategic Team: PG&E, ALSTOM, GE, Mississippi State University, Quanta Technology
Academic & Testing: GeorgiaTech, OMICRON / RTDS / Virginia Tech., Washington State Univ.
Synchro-Phasor Applications for the Control Center Multi-host Redundancy (ISD Link)
Page 10Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
High resolution + more accurate grid measurements
Improvements in off-line and real-time models
Helps operator with improved visibility of the fast, dynamic
grid conditions and disturbances
Evaluating true limits for on-line EMS applications supporting
State Estimation improvements and dynamic line rating
Accurately identify system constraints (voltage, system instability,
thermal) and 'true' operational limits, minimizing congestion
Prompt identification of un-damped grid oscillations
Quicker post-event re-creation of actual disturbance scenarios
More cohesive system restoration among transmission owners
and reliability coordinators
Benefits of Integrating Phasors into EMS
Page 15Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Existing digital connectivity Links between substations, substations & control centers, control centers.
Bandwidth and network capacity
Data sets/second; Considerations for use of unfiltered data
Accountability for corporate growth
Redundant Ethernet connectivity and ease of upgrade
Aggregate site (includes complete redundant network)
Multifunction devices with PMU capabilities Ease of upgrade to meet application needs
NERC compliance CIP (003 through 009) of the devices and solutions
PRC
Infrastructure Considerations
Page 16Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Project Architecture
Page 17Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Maximize benefit for multiple applications
Least cost solution: i.e. leverage existing or planned infrastructure,
PMU placement in neighboring systems
Applications’ criteria:
Situational Awareness
Improving State Estimation (observability, critical measurements)
Monitoring Critical Paths (tie-lines, WECC paths, congestion, cut-planes)
Monitor major generation and loads
Oscillation Monitoring (Local and Inter-area)
Critical Substation Locations
Renewable Generation
Islanding Separation & Restoration
Remedial Action Schemes, Adaptive Protection
FACTS, SVC and HVDC Controls
Other:
Upgradable HW, existing communications, etc.
Optimal PMU Placement
Page 18Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Hierarchy Structure for PMU Placement Decision Criteria
GOAL DECISION CRITERIA ALTERNATIVES
Page 19Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Decision process which typically involves choosing among Alternatives based on multiple Criteria to satisfy a Goal
For each PMU location evaluate its ‘applicability/need’ for the decision ‘Criteria’ under consideration (e.g. application, networking cost, etc)
Assign ‘weights’ to each of the decision criterion based on:
Criterion importance
Feasibility / likelihood – Infrastructure support
Maintenance over life cycle
Prioritize locations based on the ‘aggregated weighted score’
Summary Methodology and Locations
ArizonaNew Mexico
Oregon
California
Lake
Tahoe
Malin Captain
Jack
Gates
Los Banos 500/230
Diablo 500 Midway 500
COTP
AC INTERTIE
Bonnevile Power Administrative (BPA)
Nevada - Oregon Border (NOB)
Sierra Pacific (SPP)
DC
Pacificorp West (PACW)
Southern California Edison (SCE)
Vincent Sylmar
Fulton 60
IIgnacio 115
Vaca Dixon 500/115
Pittsburg 115
Newark 115
Moss Landing 500/115
Salinas 60
San Mateo 115
Path 15
PACI RAS Direct
Load Trip Substation
Also includes 4-230 kV lines terminated at Gates
Metcalf 500
PMU Locations
Gregg 230
Tesla 500
Round Mt. 500
Table Mt. 500/230
Cottonwood230
Martin 115
Bellota 230
Monta Vista 115
Page 20Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Proof of Concept (POC) Stage
POC is a smaller scale synchro-phasor system:
Test, validate, and demonstrate various functions before field deployment
Trouble shooting platform throughout the project
POC system includes:
Minimum of 8 PMUs, 2 Aggregate PDCs, 2 Super PDCs (+ EMS systems)
Real Time Digital Simulation (RTDS) system
COMTRADE file playback system
Other test equipment generating time-sync signals
Capability to introduce noise impairment
Communication routers, switches, delay line, as well as test equipment
(e.g., traffic and error bit generators)
Early testing is well underway with significant results!
Page 21Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Example: Proof of Concept Architecture
C37.118 is used for interim
testing while demonstrating IEC
61850 harmonization
Source: PG&E
Page 22Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Proof of Concept Testing: Rack-Layout
Wall-Mount HMI –
Either Engineer, EMS, or RTDS
EMSComm2 Power
EMS-1
SPDC-1
EMS-2
SPDC-2
EMS
HMICisco 2010
Cisco 2911
ASA Firewall
Keyboard
RTDS 1 TEST
PMU Emulator
Std Computer for
PDC Testing
Keyboard
Anue Ethernet
Imparement
device
Monitor Sw
Patch Panel
V/I Injection
Engineer
HMI
Comm1
Symmetricom
GPS
Patch Panel
Patch PanelPatch Panel
Cisco 3945
Cisco 3945
ASA FirewallASA Firewall
ASA Firewall
Ethernet Sw
Fiber
Distribution Unit
Patch Panel
Patch Panel
Patch Panel KVMCyclades
Cisco 2911
Patch Panel
Cisco 2911
24'-1 5/8"26.75in. 25.00in.
25Wx86.6Hx41D2Wx86.Hx26D
87
.69
in.
Sys log server
(Amplifiers for use with RDTS)
Laptop TrayLaptop TrayLaptop Tray
Laptop Tray
Eight
Independent CT
Selector SW
System 1(BAAH)
System 2(DBSB w/ Substitute CB)
PMU(AC) V3
PMU(AC) V2
Test Sw
Test Sw
Ethernet Sw
PMU
V3
PMUV2
Test Sw
Test Sw
PDC-2
Ethernet Sw
Arbiter GPS
Patch PanelPatch Panel
Breaker PanelBreaker Panel
PMU
(AC)Test Sw
PMU
(AC)Test Sw
PMU
(BD)Test Sw
PMU
(BD)Test Sw
Test Sw
PDC-1
Test Sw
Laptop Tray Laptop Tray
Source
Selection
PT Selector SW
DAS 1
DAS 2
Page 25Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Sample findings w/ reporting rates of 30, 60, 120 samples (frames)/s
For certain PMUs, when reporting rate is set to 60, PMU recording / streaming
rates seem to be ~ 30 Phasors/s
For other PMUs, when the rate is set to 60, transmit ~75 Phasors/s
Certain PMUs missing a number of output frames sporadically
Certain PDCs when they receive invalid status, do not pass on data or flag
When using TCP/IP multiple phasors may be combined into one TCP packet
causing significant delay in getting some phasors to the destination (not comm. delay)
May be PMU design in packaging data
UDP/IP seems to address data Packet broadcast – With UDP/IP every packet is
sent out as soon as it is available, on a regular time interval
Have observed packets missing in bunches
P and M class related observations
POC Initial Testing (Interoperability Considerations)
Page 26Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Large Scale Deployment of Synchro-phasor Systems
Stringent and varied requirements
High reliability and availability
Accommodate all participants
Address both short and long term needs
System expandability Number of measurements will grow over time including both synchro-phasor and non-phasor data
System flexibility and adaptability Start with small number of applications and add new in the future
Technology advancements and product development
Standards development continues to evolve: NERC CIP; synchro-phasor(IEC 37-118); cyber security; IEC 61850, etc.
System integration with other enterprise systems, such as EMS/SCADA, DMS, GIS
PMU
Communication channels
dt
dffIV ,,,
Satellite
GPS
signal
Control center
SCADA / EMS
PMU
Page 27Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
“New” approach to system control
Process automation
Electricity supply grids – T + D
High speed
High accuracy
Wide area
Work closer to the limit – use ALL capacity
Checking the heart beat of the system
Early warning system
Entirely new approach to E-system control
Important to turn (vast amounts of) data into information
Page 28Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
When Will You . . .
Page 29Proprietary & Confidential © Quanta Services Inc., All Rights Reserved
Thank you !
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