b physics and the high energy frontier — (super) b factory/tevatron (lhc)

B & HE George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP XI, 01/04/10 1

B Physics and the High Energy Frontier

— (Super) B Factory/Tevatron (LHC)

Strategy / Disclaimer

• Phenomena Pertinent to BSM • Physics (vs Expt’l detail — not always most up-to-date)

[No “B Chemistry” (goto CKM meeting (Tim Gershon), if desired)

• Short-term impact This Decade 2010−2019

• “Traditional” on BSM topics

• Cannot cite all TH work, but unabashedly promote own pheno work

and not too tricky ...

vs 2000−2009

NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX

New Physics Hints in B Decays and

Collider Outlook

January 7, 2006, WHEPP9 @ Bhubaneswar

Flavor/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 07/07

Search for TeV Scale Physicsin

Heavy Flavour Decays

July 28, SUSY 2007 @ Karlsruhe

Thanks for WHEPP IX initiation!

Makes me look forward to 2014 …

Will skip Bottomonium, D, K, ,

Down to Earth

the (un)Heavenly Things

HiggsCastle

c l o u d sc l o u d s

ChildEatingGiant

(LHC/ILC?)

http://pbjc-lib.state.ar.us/mural.htm

Flavour/TeV ≅ Loops

High Energy

Frontier

Flavor/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 07/07 8 6

0. “Forward to the Past” as Intro

SuperPowered Theorists ?or

Wormhole to the Future?

Search for Future Influence from L.H.CAuthors: Holger B. Nielsen, Masao Ninomiya(Submitted on 13 Jul 2007)

Wormhole from/to the Future?

Beware the Nielsen-Ninomiya Effect !

R. Cahn -- SSI-2006

sin 2 history (1999-2005)

edWhatIf ?

arg V td

b d transitions consistent with SM

What about b s transitions ?

0 ***tbtdcbcdubud VVVVVV

OurMain Theme

"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous brokensymmetry in subatomic physics"

"for the discoverdiscovery of the originorigin of the broken symmetry which predictpredicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008

Photo: Universtity of Chicago Photo: KEK Photo: Kyoto University

Yoichiro Nambu Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa

1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize

USA Japan Japan

Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba, Japan

Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan

b. 1921(in Tokyo, Japan)

b. 1944 b. 1940

CP Violationin SM

7 October 2008

B Factory

Outline

0 Intro to Intro

I Intro to CP Violation

II CPV in b s w/ Boxes and PenguinsSS ; AA K; sin 2Bs; [AA CPCP(B+ J/K+) ]

III H Probe: b s ; B , [D(*) ]

IV Electroweak Penguin: AFB (B K* ℓ ℓ) ; B K(*)

V RH Currents and Scalar InteractionsTCPV in B X ; Bs

VI Conclusion

I. Introduction to CP Violation

CP Asymmetry needs both CP Conserv/Violating Phase

Particle Process Anti Particle Process

CP Violation Primer

CPVCPV

ElectroMagnetism:

Charge e is Real.

“We” Understand: Gauge Charge is Real.

How How CP VCP Violation Appearsiolation Appears

Imagine a Complex CouplingComplex Coupling :

True, or, Possible, for Yukawa ( 湯川 ) Coupling of quarks/leptons to Higgs boson(s)...

Quantum InterferenceQuantum Interference in AmplitudeAmplitude More InterestingMore Interesting

i in Dynamics: CPV & BAU

(everyone can feel Baryon Asymmetry of Universe

CPV & BAU (& U): The Sakharov View

• Baryon Number V iolation• CP Violation (“Direction”)

• Nonequilibrium (“Direction”)

PairAnnihilation

( Cosmic Microwave Background )

1010-9-9 Matter left Matter left !!

Equal Matter -Antimatter

(1966)

Complex Dynamics

Unitary3x3 “Rotation”

Need presence of all 3 generationsto exhibit CPV in Standard Model

Unique CPV Phase: Common Area of Triangle

0 ***tbtscbcsubus VVVVVV

Wolfenstein Parametrization to O(5)

N.B. geometric picture

Tree PenguinInterference

N.B. Would need also CP Conserving Phase Difference

Most Intuitive: “Direct” CPV in B → K

CPV PhaseDCPV

K: 1964 1999

CP Violation History

Mixing(-dep.) Direct

B: 2001 2004

0.0004 %

Nobel 2008 – B Factory to LHC George W.S. Hou (NTU) FPCP, June 1, 200951

Kobayashi’s Nobel slides

CPVCPV so far only observed in KM ...

• Nontrivial CPV Phase

Nontrivial • All like-charge quark pairs nondegenerate,

Otherwise Back to 2-gen. and CPV vanish.

Jarlskog’s Invariant for CPVCPV

J seems short of the Universe by at least

Kobayashi’s Nobel slides

CPV & BAU definitely a H.E. Frontier

II. CPV in b b s s w/ Boxes and Penguins

The Current Frontier

Echoes

SS ; AA KK; sinsin 22BBss; [AA CPCP(B+ J/K+) ]

SS ProblemProblem??

A: Decay Amplitude

M12 : Mixing Amplitude

M12 Ā

CPV in Mixing-Decay Interference

t-dep. CPV (TCPV) Primer

B0 B0 Oscillations: ei mm ttB0B0 M12

Interference of Two Types of Phases

CP conserv.

CP Asymmetry needs both CP Conserv/Violating Phase

Particle Process Anti Particle Process

22 = = mm tt

22 = arg = arg VVtdtd

CP Violation Primer

A = C for BaBar: Mass Difference00 B-B

: CP Eigenvalue of final state f

: state at time t from at t = 0

CPV Phase in Mixing

Measure

TCPV Asymmetry

Carter-Sanda; Bigi-Sanda

Purpose of B Factory

Measure sin2 via TCPV in B → J/KS

One B Decay Tag Flavor

Other B Decay CP Eigenstate

Measure Both Decay Vertex

J/KS, ’KSKS KS 2001 !

B decays in ~ picosecond

The $1B Question: Mixing-dep. CPV in B → J/KS

B0 or B0

The Two B Factories

Mt. Tsukuba

PEP-II KEKB

Differ only in PIDDIRC vs Aerogel Cherenkov + ToF

Tag Flavor

Tim Gershon

B0 or B0

Possible SUSYSUSYFCNC/CPV Loop

Can Break Equality

Real ~ J/KS (Tree)

SKS = sin 21

SM (KM) Prediction

b s Penguins (Vertex Loops)

ICHEP 2004, Beijing

b sqq Penguin CPVb sqq Penguin CPVBelle @LP03 (140 fb-1)

“sin21”= 0.96 0.51

sin21=0.728 0.06

B0 J/Ks etc

3.5 deviation from the SM !

[PRL 91, 261602 (2003)]

Different !!

ICHEP 2004, Beijing

B0 K0 : CPV ResultB0 K0 : CPV Result

KS + KL

: S (K0) = +0.06 0.33 0.09

A (K0) = +0.08 0.22 0.09 ~2.2 away from SM

KS + KL

: S (K0) = +0.06 0.33 0.09

A (K0) = +0.08 0.22 0.09 ~2.2 away from SM

Good tags

Poor tags

S = 0.736fit Good tags

274M BB

Effect of 2003 “Disappeared” by 2004 !!

Smaller than bccs in almost all modes

Naïve average of all b s modes

sin2eff = 0.56 ± 0.052.12.1 deviation (was 2.6) btwn

b sqq and b ccs

Naïve average of all b s modes

sin2eff = 0.56 ± 0.052.12.1 deviation (was 2.6) btwn

b sqq and b ccs

Theory Expect sin 21

> sin 21

s-penguin

cc(bar)s

New Physics !?

Need More Data !

SS = Ssqq Sccs < 0 “ Problem”

Need Super B Factory

Super B Factory to Resolve !

Even deviation of ~ few Even deviation of ~ few deg indicate NPdeg indicate NP Sinha, Misra, WSH, PRL 97, 131802 (2006)

2008: No Real Effect !

SS = Ssqq Sccs < 0 “

Problem”

B0 or B0

Lack of Vertexin LHCb

AA KK ProblemProblem??

Rare Hadronic B DecaysFPCP07, 15 May P. Chang

Acp on B → KBelle KB

Acp = 0.107±0.018 0.093±0.018±0.008 0.086±0.023±0.009

World Average including CLEO: Acp(K+) = 0.097±0.012 Acp(K+±

A(K) = 0.144 ± 0.029 @5

Need to explain the deviation. Hadronic effect or new physics? A(K) = 0.12±0.11; S(K) = +0.33±0.21 Super B factory!

A KProblem

Direct CPV established in B system (2004) !

Experiment is Firm

Tree PenguinInterference

N.B. Would need also CP Conserving PhaseCP Conserving Phase Difference

Most Intuitive: “Direct” CPV in B → K

DCPVin decay

TH: QCDF ad hoc “model” (“S4”) or fitSCET parameter fit by “framework”PQCD predicted size and sign a priori Keum

Can not take as BSM indication

CPV Phase∃∃

““hadronic”hadronic”

In general cannot take as BSM indication

Belle 2008 Nature: Simple Bean Count

AA KK = = AAKK AAKK == 0.1640.164 0.0370.037 4.4 4.4 0.07 0.03 vs 0.094 0.020

DifferenceIs

Large !

And Established

Belle + BaBar (+ CDF)

b → s CPV

But NOT PREDICTED.

0πππ 0 KBKBK AAA

Experiment is Firm

A K ~ 0 expected

0.097 0.012 0.050 0.025

0.1470.147 0.0280.028 > 5> 5

Why a Puzzle ?

Difference is Large !

T ree P enguinInterference

CPV Phase

subleadingsubleading

phasephase

0πππ 0 KBKBK AAA

Experiment is Firm

A K ~ 0 expected

0.097 0.012 0.050 0.025

0.1470.147 0.0280.028 > 5> 5

Why a Puzzle ?

T ree P enguinInterference

CPV Phase

phasephase

C EW Penguin

0πππ 0 KBKBK AAA

Experiment is Firm

A K ~ 0 expected

0.097 0.012 0.050 0.025

0.1470.147 0.0280.028 > 5> 5

Why a Puzzle ?

C EW PenguinLarge C ?

A lot of (hadronic) finesseBaek, London, PLB653, 249 (2007)

arXiv:0901.1272 [hep-ph]

PQCD claims solution, but• ad hoc (not a prediction)• non-calculable (SCET-ish)

Hadronic Hadronic C Effect for Effect for AA KK

~ nearby pulsar for Pamela~ nearby pulsar for Pamela

My first B paper

nondecoupling

dimensionsdimensions

WSH, Willey, Soni

<2m2tm

Decoupling Thm: Heavy Masses are decoupled in QED/QCD ∵∵ Appear in Propagator

NondecouplingNondecoupling: Yukawa Couplings QQ Appear in NumeratorSubtlety of Spont. Broken Chiral Gauge Theory dynamical

Nondecoupling

- Disfavored by EW PrecisionEW Precision (see e.g. J. Erler hep-ph/0604035; PDG06

4th Generation Still?

- N counting? 4th “neutral lepton” heavy Massive neutrinos (since 1998) call for new PhysicsMassive neutrinos (since 1998) call for new Physics

• 4th generation notnot in such great conflict with EWPrT

Kribs, Plehn, Spannowsky, Tait, PRD’07

∃ new mass scale in -sector beyond v.e.v.

This is Still the Standard Model !

B sb , t ’

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05LO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.

A 12% vs 15% (data)

A = AK+ AK+~ 15% and sb P

ion)(illustrat

GeV 030t'm

, t ’

Nondecoupled t ’ in Box and Z Penguin

Large CPV in Bs Box

Bsb t, t’

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05LO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.

A 12% vs 15% (data)

A = AK+ AK+~ 15% and

NLO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.

A 15% S 0.11

SM3 input

consistentwith data

Joining C & PEW

Both and in Right Direction !A S

ion)(illustrat

GeV 030t'm

WSH, Li, Mishima, Nagashima, PRL’07

Existence Proof for 4th Generation as Explanation.

Can Account for Belle/BaBar Direct CPV Difference

• Sf in b sqq

• AK+- AK+0 Puzzle

Two Hints TCPVDCPV

Mixing-dep.

Direct

b b s s CPVCPV Phenomena Is Current NPNP Frontier

In Search of NNew PP

hysics

• mBs• Bs

CPV ?CPV ?sin 2BBss

cos 2BBss

SM-like

sinsin 22BBssProblemProblem? ?

a bit “smallish”, if take nominal fBs

CDF 1 fb-1

0 ***tbtscbcsubus VVVVVV

BBss≡arg V ts

arg V td ⇨ Bd measured

SM Window on BSM

~ real

ms = 17.77 0.10 (stat) 0.07 (sys) ps

PRL 97, 242003 (2006)

CPV ?CPV ?

For pheno digest, see WSH, Mahajan, PRD 75, 077501 (2007)

hep-ex/0702030

PRL 98, 121801 (2007)

Lifetime, but not Oscillations

+ hep-ex/0701012 (ASL)

SM: Lenz, Nierste, hep-ph/0612167

Concerted Effort [ASL advantage — periodical reversal of magnet polarity

cos 2BBss somewhat

a blunt instrument.

cos 2BBss

Mixing-dep. CPV in Bs → J/

B0 or B0

Oscillation too fast!

Hadron Collider:No coherent evolution.OST SSKT

out of reach at B-fac

also width differencealso width difference

Mixing-dep. Mixing-dep. CPV CPV in Bin Bdd and and BBss in SM in SM

cbcsVV

cbcdVV-

ubudVV

ubusVV

b b →→ s s

b →→ dtbtsVV

sin2βsin2

Measured by Belle/BaBar in Bd J/KS

sin2Bs ≃ – 0.04 in

SM3Measure in Bs J/“possible only at LHCb”

sin2Bd

B sb , t ’

Arhrib and WSH, EPJC’03

, t ’

Nondecoupling of t ’

QCD penguin

EW penguin

arXiv:0712.2397 [hep.ex]arXiv:0802.2255 [hep.ex]

Further ICHEP’08 Updates (CDF/DØ/fitters): Strengthen !

sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07

arXiv:0803.0659 [hep.ph]

UTUTfitfit

IncredibleIncredible !!! !!!sin2Bs 0.64

0.16 0.14

3.73.7 ~2.8

(already in 05)PRL’08PRL’08

PRL’08PRL’08

SM Expect: 0.04

Summer ’09

Flavor/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 07/07 70

BBssProspect (short term)

Bs J/ analogous to Bd J/ KS

V V Angular & Vertex Resolved Analysis to disentangle CP components

• CDF/DØ : 8 fb projected

(sin 2BBss) ≃ 0.2

(?)/exp similar

• LHCb : 0.5 fb(2008 ?)

(sin 2BBss) ≃ 0.04

• ATLAS : 2.5 fb(2008 ?)

(sin 2BBss) ≃ 0.16

$$ Tevatron could get lucky

ifif sin 2BBss largelarge New Physics !New Physics !

€ LHCb the winner if ~ SM

sin 2BBs s in SM

Could Tevatron run beyond 2008 ?

But 2008 looks interesting !

Nakada @ fLHC 3/0711

sb t, tt’’ ??

• Sf in b sqq

• AK+- AK+0 Puzzle

Two Hints TCPVDCPV

Mixing-dep.

Direct

b b s s CPVCPV Phenomena Is Current NPNP Frontier

In Search of NNew PP

hysics

• mBs• Bs

CPV ?CPV ?

EWPenguin

tt’ ’ non decoupled

sin 2BBs s –

Can sin 2BBss be largelarge ?

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu PRD76, 016004 (2007)

in SM4

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05

SM-like

III. H Probes

-B (D(*))

b b s s ~ ~ B B X Xss

E > 1.9 GeV

E > 1.8 GeVPhoton Energy Cut

“fully inclusive analysis”

TH still unfinished, butball in Exp court.

WSH, Willey, PLB 202, 591 (1988); NPB’89

Also Grinstein, Wise, PLB’88

HFAG (exp ave)

Misiak et al. PRL’07 Misiak et al. PRL’07

Constraint from Constraint from b b s s on on HH++

MSSM type H+ always enhancealways enhance b b s s regardless of tan

Current NNLO < ExpNNLO < Exp !

H+ mimicW

⇨ bound of 295 GeV⇨ favor 650 GeVfavor 650 GeV !? !?

SUSY studies need assume mH+

Systematics Dominated

Iijima at Lepton-Photon 2009

Limit Unchanged

b b s s ~ ~ B B X Xss

E > 1.9 GeV

E > 1.8 GeV

TH still unfinished, butball in Exp court.

Future: Fully Reconstruct other B?

ee-- DD**

BBtagtag

BBsignalsignal

Photon Energy Cut

Next-to-Next-to-Leading-Order

“fully inclusive analysis”

E > 1.7 GeV605 fb605 fb 3.45 ± 0.43

Systematics Control (Super B Factory)

Exp updated: little changed(systematics limited)

, PRD48, 2342 (1993)

W the cousin of H+

“Higgs Affinity”

Amazing: Tree level H+ Effect

Trick/Cost:Full ReconstructTag side B @ 0.1~0.3%

Two ’s

signal

background

449M hadronic tag

hadronic tag

First evidence, 3.5

evtsevts

PRL97, 251802 (2006)

PRD76, 052002 (2007)Dℓ tag

(0.9 0.6 0.1) x 10

~ (1.2 0.4stat 0.3bkg 0.2eff) x10

Emerged in 2006

Imagine future precision

Currently

IV. Electroweak Penguin

- AFB (B K* ℓ ℓ)- B K(*)

March of the (B) Penguins

• EMP: B K*1993 (CLEO) b s1995 (CLEO)

• Strong P: B K’K K) 1998 (CLEO)

Direct CPV2004 (BaBar/Belle)

• EWP: B K ℓℓ2002 (Belle)b s ℓℓ2002 (Belle)

J/cut out

Belle PRL’02

5.3 (non-Gaussian)

4 (non-Gaussian)

Exclusive rate depend also on

B M Form Factor (hadronic) The target is

AFB(B K* ℓ ℓ)

AAFBFB in in B B K K**ℓℓℓℓmade easy made easy

B - K*

– Z interference with MZ brought low !

ee hadrons

V-A interference

virtual

Microscope into bsZ vertex

2 from SM ?229M386M

Ali, Mannel, Morozumi, PLB273, 505 (1991)

2 from SM ?

Example 2 fb-1 experiment

M2 (GeV2)

LHCb MC, J. Dickens @ CKM06

No Reason a priori why C, C, C should be Real

WSH, Hovhannisyan and Mahajan, PRD 77, 014016 (2008)

Probe Complexity w/o CPV~ Early LHCb data

Ali, Mannel, Morozumi, PLB273, 505 (1991)

shaded: Br constrained

a: SMb: 4 gen.d: ruled oute: disfavoured

c: ~ SM, even zero, different for large q2

General: Both Zero & Shape Sensitive to NP

Early LHCb DataCan Tell

data: LHCb MC (2 fb)

J.-T. Wei 2008/07/31 ICHEP2008

Instead flipped C7 ...

BABAR, arXiv:0804.4412

W.-S. Hou, A. Hovhannisyan, and N. Mahajan, PRD 77, 014016 (2008)

(=s/mB2=q2/mB

complex wilson coefficients

4th generation (SM4)

2fb-1 MC study of LHCb

(~7000 K*ll events)

Deviation from SM3 !?

PreliminaryarXiv:0810.0335arXiv:0904.0770

~ preferred

See Joaquin Mathias’ talk for more measurables

B K(*)

B B Amazing: Tree level H+ Effect

Trick/Cost:Full ReconstructTag side B @ 0.1~0.3% Efficiency

Two missing ’s

The rrHH factor is indep.of hadronic parametersONLY @ B FACTORY !

B B KK*EWPx

B B KK*

0707.0138 [hep-ex]

SM B 20

DAMADAMACDMSCDMS

Probe LoopLi

r < 3.4 x 10

< 1.4 x 10

< 1.6 x 10

Still 3x SM Bird et al., PRL 93, 201803 (2004)

Full ReconOther B

submitted

G. Eigen, FPCP Taipei, 08-05-2008

Search for BSearch for BKK** by B by BAABBARAR

B(B K) 4.210 5 @90%CL

For BFor BKK** fit extra energy E fit extra energy Eextraextra distribution to expected signal distribution to expected signal shape and backgroundshape and background

Use semileptonic double tags Use semileptonic double tags as control sample to check MCas control sample to check MC

BBAABBARAR yields (preliminary): yields (preliminary):

BB(B(BKK(*)(*)) limits are ~ factor 4-7) limits are ~ factor 4-7 above SM (lowest limit by Belle)above SM (lowest limit by Belle)

KK*0*0

B(B0 K*0) 2110 5 @90%CL B(B K*) 910 5 @90%CL

413 fb413 fb-1-1

(454M)(454M)

EEextraextra::

additionaladditionalneutralneutralenergyenergy

>50 MeV>50 MeV

B(B K) 1.410 5 @90%CL

newnew

PRL 99,221802 (2007)PRL 99,221802 (2007)

Belle: 493 fbBelle: 493 fb-1-1

Limits mostly slightly weaker

V. RH Currents and Scalar Interactions

- TCPV in B X

- -- -

TCPV in B0 (KS0)K* : Probe RH Currents

Atwood, Gershon, Hazumi, Soni, PRD71, 076003 (2005)

B0 K*0L

B0 K*0R

R ms/mb suppressed

L ms/mb suppressed

Interference suppressed in SM

Atwood, Gronau, Soni, PRL79, 185 (1997)

Problem: No Vertex ! KKS S vertexingvertexing

HE Beam

Unique at Asymmetric Energy (Super) B Factory

Not available at LHCb (try B )

- -- -

TCPV in B0 (KS0)K* : Probe RH Currents

Atwood, Gershon, Hazumi, Soni, PRD71, 076003 (2005)

B0 K*0L

B0 K*0R

R ms/mb suppressed

L ms/mb suppressed

Interference suppressed in SM

Atwood, Gronau, Soni, PRL79, 185 (1997)

Consistent with zero.

Also, angular probes

FL, AT(2) in B K*ℓℓ

and -pol. in b

KKS S vertexingvertexing

Future probe at SuperB

Iijima at Lepton-Photon ’09

Babu, Kolda, PRL84, 228 (2000)

Golutvin at EPSHEP ’09

Conclusion: Best Bet for BSM Soon

I CPV in b s w/ Boxes and PenguinsSS ; AA KK; sinsin 22BBss; AA CPCP(B+ J/K+)

II H Probe: b b s s ; BB (+D(*))

III Electroweak Penguin: AAFBFB (B(B K*K* ℓℓ ℓℓ)) ; B K(*)

IV RH Currents and Scalar InteractionsTCPV in TCPV in BB XX ; BBs s

Thing to watch in 2010 (Tevatron) !Hints for BSM

Belle/BaBar Combo (to come) !

CDF/Dzero/LHCb battle !

b physics and the high energy frontier — (super) b factory/tevatron (lhc)

b kpdcpv b

cp violation b

hou ntu whepp xi

b factoryphoto

b history

cp b jyk

b s g b tn

hou ntu susy07

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