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Available information about soil, current land cover / land use in Jordan
Prepared by
Eng. Majed Bsoul
Eng. Safa Mazahreh
NCARE
Inception workshop on Regional Soil Partnership and MENA Soil Information System
1-5 April 2012 Amman
Available soil maps Soil maps were produced through a national
project (National Soil Map and Land Use Project, NSMLUP) carried jointly by the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), Royal Jordanian Geographic Centre and Huntings Technical Service (UK) during the period of 1989-1995.
All maps are available as hardcopy sheets (Atlases) while all profile and pits were saved in Jordan Soil and Climate Information System (JOSCIS), held by the MoA. In this database, profile description of
sampled sites is available. Detailed physical and chemical analysis is available for some profiles and sites at levels 1, 2, and 3.
Soils of Jordan
Maps+Description Scale Digital Hard copy No. of sheets Surveyed areas
Maps
Soil 18 regions with
description each region contains
many soil mapping units
With description
1:250000 available available 7 Jordan Soil level 1
All related information about Soil,,Land cover and alnd Suitability for different land uses are available in the albums of MOA
1:50000 1:50000 1:50000
available Not Available Not available
Available Available Available
28 28 28
Specific area are surveyed Covers 10% of Jordan total area
Soil level2 Land cover Land suitability
All related information about Soil,,Land cover and alnd Suitability for different land uses are available in the albums of MOA
1:10000 1:10000 1:10000
Not Available Not available Not available
Available Available Available
39 39 39
Very limited areas are surveyed in Jordan
Soil level 3 Land cover Land Suitability
Example: Region 15 represents Mafraq area with
20 soil mapping units at scale 1:250000
Soil level 2 at Scale: 1:50000 in Mafreq land Region with Related
Information 45.1 Area (km2) 700-780 , 0-16% Altitude &Slope
150-190 Mean annual Rainfall(mm)
Transion area. Moisture Regime Poor brush rangeland. Vegetation /Land use 4% A-horizon stones, 18%surface stone & boulders no rock out crop.
Stones and Rock out Crop
Undulating to rolling basalt plain with many boulders and stones, shallow colluvium over lithic contact to basalt.
Geomorphology/ parent material
5ii (Brush Range-low "<30%" percentage ground cover). 7ii (Barerock/ basalt).
Land Cover (5ii/7ii)
Area: 94 km2. Not suitable for rainfed cultivation. Not suitable for forestry. Marginal for Drip-irrigated vegetables. Marginal for Rangeland.
Land Suitability Map (9.1)
Investigate possibilities for irrigation water supplies. Prohibit rainfed cultivation.
Land Use Recommendation
Soil Map unit 68: Level 2
Soils at reconnaissance level : level 1 scale 1:250000
Note: Soil map at level 1 is available in GIS based formats as well as hardcopy found in atlases of MOA.
Soil Map Unit ACSAD Legend Description Soil Association
NAY13 RHY l 3-4 a-d Weakly dissected, undulating limestoneplateau with local sandstone areas: wideconvex interfluves, plateau remnantsgravel fans, wadi channels and infilledbasins: arid moisture and partiallyhyperthermic temperature regimes:altitude 600 to 1000m: relat
25% (Lithic) Gypsiorthid
12% Lithic Camborthid
8% Lithic Torriorthent
15% Typic Camborthid
15% Cambic GypsiorthidHEI14 RHH t 3-4 a-c Weakly dissected plateau on
Muwaqqar Chalk and Marl withplateau remnants, undulating hills andcaolesced alluvial fans: steep rockycrests and slopes to valleys: altitude 800 to 1100m: relative reliaf 25-50m.
45% Typic Camborthid
15% Typic Calciorthid
15% Lithic Camborthid
and Calciorthid
5% Typic Torriorthent
10% RockDHU15 RHH xcc 3-4 a Wadi alluvium and depositional basins
with alluvium derived largely frombasalt, but with some admixture fromlimestone: xeric-aridic transitionalmoisture regime: altitude 600 to 750 m:relative relief < 10m.
70% Xerochreptic Camborthid
and Calciorthid 15%
Xerertic Camborthid
Example :Soil mapping units (level 1) with descriptive information
Soil mapping units, level 1 with description related to each unit. Field observations distributed in this mapping unit with related
information
Soils at semi detailed level : level 2 scale 1:50000
Example on soil mapping units at level 2 with descriptive information linked to each soil mapping unit in GIS
environment.
Soils at detailed level : level 3 scale 1:10000
Soil maps at level 3 are not available digitally, otherwise they are found in Atlases of MoA.Each soil mapping unit is described with a code including: soil series, depth, stone/rock, and slope.
Land cover / land use maps:
land cover/ land use maps are only covered at two scales with limited areas in Jordan: 1:50000 and 1:10000 as shown in below figures. These maps represent current land use. These maps are only available as hardcopies found in the atlases of MoA.
Level 2at scale 1:50000 Level 3 at scale 1:10000
Example on land cover land use map in FAA study area with related map legend below.
Land Cover Unit Description Code
Brush range, low (< 30% ) percentage ground cover
5ii’
Rainfed, low intensity (<35%) cropping 3ii
Rainfed,very low intensity (<<35%)cropping / Brush Range – low (<30%) percentage ground cover
3ii’/5ii’
Brush range – high (30%) percentage ground cover
5ii
Built-up areas 1i
Brush Range – low (<30%) percentage ground cover / Rainfed,very low intensity (<<35%)cropping
5ii’/3ii’
Brush Range – low (<30%) percentage ground cover / Rainfed,very low intensity (<<35%)cropping / Bare rock (/limestone and undifferentiated rock
5ii’/3ii’/7i
Managed range land (grasing reserves) 5iii
Total
5iii
Potential land use maps:
• Based on climatic records and historical survey, a general map of potential land use was delineated by Taimeh (1989) at a very small scale to characterize the country into different regions of capability. Basically, the map followed similar pattern of rainfall and bioclimatic zones of the country figure .
Rainfall isohyets in Jordan
Potential land use maps • More detailed maps were prepared through the NSMLUP
(MoA, 1995) where land suitability code was assigned for each soil mapping unit.
• The whole approach was based on biophysical factors
criteria of land quality including soil physical and chemical properties, rainfall and temperature and land capability.
• Suitability rating was coded for different land utilization
types (LUT) including: 1. rainfed arable, 2. rainfed trees, 3. irrigation, 4. forest and 5. rangeland with controlled grazing.
• More detailed studies and research (Makhmreh, 1996; Harahsheh et al., 1998; Mazahreh, 1998; Al-Rashdan,1999; Al-Shoubaki, 1999; Ziadat, 2000; Al-Bakri, 2005) were carried out for different parts of the country at detailed and semi-detailed levels.
• Results from these studies indicated an obvious shift between
existing and potential land use, the fact that emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable land use options and policy.
Potential land use maps, continued
• Potential land suitability maps are only covered at two scales with limited areas in Jordan: 1:50000 and 1:10000.
• These maps are only available as hardcopies found in the atlases of MoA.
Potential land use maps, cont
Description of grouping Land use recommendation
suitability group
Good for drip irrigation: not suitable for rainfed arable (climate)
Investigate possibilities for irrigation water supplies: prohibit rainfed cultivation
6
Moderately good drip irrigation : Not suitable rainfed arable : Moderate range: Marginal forest
- 7
Marginal rainfed arable:not suitable rainfed treecrops (climate) / unsuitable for rainfed or irrigated crops:marginal range and forestry:
Marginal rainfed arable investigate water harvesting
5/11
Marginal rainfed arable:not suitable rainfed treecrops (climate) /not suitable for any rural landuse
Marginal rainfed arable investigate water harvesting/ Non agricultural uses
5/13
Example on potential land Suitability being converted and digitized from the hard copies available from atlases of MoA to a digital map for FAA study area with its related legend.
6
Surveyed field observations are distributed all over Jordan. Available pits and bores counted in the MoA is 41613.
Soil observations including pits and bores database:
• Data that were readily available from the (JOSCIS) database are: Rainfall, soil depth, temperature, available water holding capacity, slope, altitude, surface stoniness, erosion type and class, surface cover type (stones, boulders, rockiness) and percentage, and drainage class.
• In addition, some data about salinity, alkalinity, and Calcium Carbonate percentage were available from the National Soil Map and Land Use Project reports.
Additional available maps
Al-Eisawi (1985) has recognized thirteen vegetation types in Jordan. Recent work by Albert, et al. (2003) indicated up to 19 recognizable types. Some types are strictly confined to one of the bioclimatic regions.
Current land use: provided by MOA. This map is available in digital and GIS based format.
Thank you for your attention
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