artificial heart ppt

ARTIFICIAL HEART BY NANOBOTS

PRESENTED BY

G.RAKESHKANNAN

PRE FINAL YEAR

RVS CET

IS IT ADVICABLE

WHAT TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY

IMPLEMENTED?

INSTEAD OF NATURAL,WE GO FOR

ARTIFICIAL…

WHY WE NEED ARTIFICIAL HEART?

IS IT LIFE LONG?

Are artificial hearts the answer to the transplant shortage?

LET US DISCUSS!!!!!!!!

Heart DiseaseHeart attack:

blockage of coronary artery damages portion of heart muscle

Congestive heart failure:

gradual weakening of heartMillions suffer from heart disease

Many cases are treatable with lifestyle changes, drugs and/or surgery

Surviving patients suffering from most severe cases need new hearts!

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Need for Mechanical Circulatory Assist

15,000,000 heart disease deaths/yr.

5-10% could be saved with circulatory assist

Several options:

Transplant (limited supply)

Ventricular assist device

Total artificial heart (not needed in general)

WHY NEED TRANSPLANTATION?

Coronary heart disease (CHD) afflicts approximately 20

percent of all patients diagnosed with cardiovascular

disease

In CHD, the transportation of blood becomes impaired

when a mixture of fat and cholesterol, or plaque, lines the

arteries the buildup of plaque restricts the free flow

of blood, which induces pressure drop between the valves

the heart is unable to pump enough oxygen-rich blood,

blood starts to fill in the lungs, which leads to congestion

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TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART (ABIOCOR:First Completely self-contained TAH)

Hydraulic pump transports hydraulic fluid from side to side.

Rotates at approximately 10000 rpm. Valve opens and closes to control fluid

motion to the left and right.

When the fluid moves to the right, blood gets pumped to the lungs through an artificial ventricle.

When the fluid moves to the left, blood gets pumped to the rest of the body.

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A Battery pack can pump the AbioCor for 4 hours.

Battery pack is the external component.

Power to the AbioCor is achieved with an energy-transfer device called a Transcutaneous Energy Transmission (TET) system.

TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART (ABIOCOR) (contd.)

We bring life to engineering!

Surgical Procedure

1. Implant controller, battery and coil

2. Connect patient to heart-lung machine

3. Cut away ventricles

4. Sew grafts onto atria and arteries

5. Connect implants to grafts

6. Remove patient from heart-lung machine

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TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART (JARVIK 7 and JARVIK 2000)

The Jarvik-7 has two pumps, much like the heart's ventricles. The ventricles are pneumatically (air) powered.

The Jarvik 2000 is an axial flow blood pump.

An analog system controller controls the pump speed (8000-12000rpm).

Audible and visual alerts notify the user of any problems.

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TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART (ABIOMED BVS-5000)

The ABIOMED BVS-5000 is used

worldwide for temporary left, right,

or biventricular (both ventricles)

support in patients with potentially

reversible heart failure.

It was the first heart assist device

approved by the U.S. Food and Drug

Administration for the support of post-

cardiotomy patients

those who have developed heart failure

as a result of heart surgery).

Design Refinement Process is iterative

You need to repeat various steps after testing

Make design changes based on test results

Failed designs

Design didn’t meet criteriaCould be due to

inappropriate criteria

Identify Problem

Specify Criteria

Implement Design

Test Design

Refine Design

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INTRA-AORTIC BALLOON PUMP (IABP) Simple yet effective device to increase

coronary perfusion.

Polyethylene balloon (inflated with helium), mounted on a catheter.

The balloon is guided into the descending aorta, approximately 2 cm from the left subclavian artery.

At the start of diastole, the balloon inflates, augmenting coronary perfusion. At the beginning of systole, the balloon deflates.

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LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES (LVAD)

LVAD are used in patients with severe heart failure when the heart is no longer capable of pumping blood.

Inserted in the chest cavity.

LVAD moves blood from the left ventricle to the aorta and back through an air driven pump.

Reduces the workload of the heart allowing the heart to recover its strength.

Currently used for short-term applications.

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FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS OF TAH

Novel mathematical models of hemolysis and blood coagulation from the viewpoint of nanoscale bio-fluid mechanics will be proposed.

The use of VFP, a treatment of multiple organ failure by the blood flow distribution is being established.

VFP Advantages  Generating the stable oscillated flow Self-priming function Excellent controllability of the liquid flow Decreasing the hemolysis by the use of jellyfish valve

Advantages and Disadvantages

A. There are not enough real hearts donated, so artificial hearts could replace them.

B. Artificial hearts are only new technology, they are not yet reliable.

F. Artificial heart transplants can give a patient an extra month or up to 5 years extra life.

E. The heart battery needs recharging twice a day, otherwise the heart will stop.

D. Artificial hearts cost between £50,000 and £100, 000 each to make and look after.

C. The patient’s body can reject an artificial heart, just like donated heart transplants.