animation history

Animation History

By Nikhil Burse

Lumiere Brothers

Lumiere Brothers

• Lumiere brothers were the pioneers and French investors to invest in photographic films. Auguste and Louis were sons of the well-known painter Antonielumiere .

• In their business Louis started experimenting in photographic process. In his later stage he invented “Dry plates” process in 1881 at the age of 17. This dry place was then known as “ Etiquette Bleue”. Invention of this process gave greater boost to the business leading to the investing into the factory and increasing the production of dry plates.

Lumiere Brothers

Lumiere Brothers

• Edison had already invented Peephole Kinetoscope, Later on Auguste started experimenting to overcome limitations and problems raised in Edision’s project.

• In early 1895, Lumiere brothers invented new device combining camera and printer called as cinematographe patenting it on February 13th 1895. Diffrence between Edison’s Peephole Kinetoscope and lumiere brothers cinemeatographe was, Lumierebrothers used film speed 16 frames per second awhile Edison used 48 frames per second film speed.

Lumiere Brothers

• Brothers kept their invention closely guarded secret with opening new theatres later called as Cinema for screening of their films.

• First film shot by Lumierebrother was workers getting out of their factory.

First film by Lumiere Brothers.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BO0EkMKfgJI

References

• http://www.earlycinema.com/pioneers/lumiere_bio.html

• http://www.france.fr/en/art-and-culture/lumiere-brothers.html

Zeotrope

Zeotrope

1.Zeo trope came from the origin of persistence of vision, Origin of this science come from Newton, but it became firmly established by Belgian scientist Joseph Plateau in 1829.

2.The first invention was “Thaumatrope”, where a small disc was held by string and one side was drawn with images.

Zeotrope3.Willaim George hornerinvent more convenient technique in 1834.

4.William invented a shape which he then called as drum, Outside of the drum was blank whereas Paper with images was inserted in the drum. Which then gave a rise to moving pictures when seen from outside.

Zeotrope in action

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBg6dAE3mI0

References

• http://www.earlycinema.com/technology/zoetrope.html

• http://www.randommotion.com/html/zoe.html

Flipbooka fashionable kind of books in 19 th century that allowed animations or optical illusions

Flipbook

• Flipbook is a collection of combined pictures to get a illusion when flipped over.

• Flipbook is also called as Kinograph in French and Flickbook or thumbcinema in britain.

Flipbook

• The flip book is a small notebook – originally stapled ,that is holded in one hand while flipped over the pages with the thumb of the other hand, either from front to back or from back to front. Pictures or drawings give the illusion of motion, slower or faster depending on the speed.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ud8dSDy5lB4

References

• http://www.flipbook.info/history.php

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ud8dSDy5lB4

Kinetoscope

KinetoscopeKinestoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device. It was originally designed for viewing photographs.

Early experiments were tried

using ideas developed from the phonograph - a cylinder based device onto which a series of microphotographs would be arranged in a spiral formation -like the recorded tracks in the tinfoil of a phonograph.

Kinetoscope

• Initial ideas for getting intermittent motion included the use of electric sparks inside the cylinder which provided intermittent illumination; and a Start-Stop movement of the cylinder itself.

• The initial prototype was actually a 'taking device' - camera, but could be converted to a projector by shining a light through the film and lens.

Kinetoscope

• The Kinetoscope mechanism was driven by an electric motor. The peephole version which is recognised as “The Kinetoscope” was ready in prototype form at the end of the Summer, 1892. It comprised and upright wooden cabinet, four foot high with a peephole in the top. Magnifying lenses in the peephole enlarged the film - a continuous band around fifty foot long which was arranged around a series of spools.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eH_qaKHPus

References

• http://www.earlycinema.com/technology/kinetoscope.html

• http://www.loc.gov/collection/edison-company-motion-pictures-and-sound-recordings/about-this-collection/

Cel Animation

Cel Animation

• Cel animation is a traditional form used for cartoons and animated movies.

• In cel animation, Each scene, shot, frame is drawn manually.

Cel Animation

• Cel is transparent sheet used to draw objects and subjects as part of animation.

• Characters are drawn on cels and are merged with their background drawings

Cel animation video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abVlaZxV6tw

References

• http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/cel_animation.html

• http://animatedtv.about.com/od/thesimpsonsfaq/a/celanimation.htm

Rotoscoping

Rotoscoping

• Rotoscoping is an animation techniques, where animators trace over the scenes frame by frame.

• In olden times, Recorded films were projected on frosted glass and were re-drawn by animator.

RotoscopingTechnique of rotoscoping was first invented by Max Fleisher.

Rotoscopingtextures is the use of video within an animation,.

Rotoscoping

• Rotoscoping video

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkYYQNLWa2A

References

• http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/rotoscoping

• http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/rotoscoping.html

Drawn on film

Drawn on film

• Drawn on film technique is where film stocks are used to draw animations

• Three methods are used for this type of animation. 1. Film stock 2. Black films or used films 3. Unexposed films where animations are drawn frame by frame.

Drawn on film

• First inventors to use drawn on film technique were Len lye, Norman McLaren and Stan Brakhage.

• Large format films such as 7 mm- 35mm films are used for production for commercial use.

Drawn on film

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnJix6iumuI

• Drawn on film animation used on black film.

References

• http://animation.about.com/od/faqs/f/Reader-Question-What-Is-Drawn-On-Film-Animation.htm

• http://www.filmeducation.org/resources/primary/teaching_with_film/primary_animation/animation_techniques/

Digital application

• Digital application is also called computer graphics animation.

• Digital application is the process used for generating computer based animations using computer softwares.

Digital applications

Digital applicationsTo create Image is displayed on the computer monitor and repeated according the frame of 24 frames per seconds

2D and 3D animations are the types of Digital application animation technique.

References

• http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/computer-animation.htm

• http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/c/computer_animation.htm

Clay animation

Clay animation

• Claymation is a type of stop motion photography where plasticine clays are used for animation.

• Subjects and objects are created using clay and are used with the help of stop motion photography.

Clay animation

Each object is sculptured from clay and then usually around a wire skeleton called an armature and then objects are arranged on the set and then shot with the help of photographs.

Claymation

• Freeform, Strata –cut animation and clay animation are the types of claymation.

• Clay animated films were first produced in USA in 1908.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ql4Kkb-89D0

References

• http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-claymation.htm

• http://www.stopmotioncentral.com/clayanimation.html

END ANIMATION HISTORY

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