adenineribose3 phosphate groups atp adenosine atp structure atp = adenosine triphosphate high energy...

Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups

ATP

Adenosine

ATP StructureATP = Adenosine TriPhosphate

High Energy Bonds

ADP ATP

Energy

EnergyAdenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Partiallychargedbattery

Fullychargedbattery

Section 8-1

Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery

ATP-ADP Cycle

Energy Flow Chart

PLANTS BY PHOTOSYNTHESIS

In the bonds of GLUCOSE

ALL ORGANISMS

BY CELL RESPIRATION

In the bonds of ATP

active transportMuscle contraction

Protein synthesisDNA synthesis

Cell division

ALL OF LIFE’s PROCESSES!!!

Water

O2

Sugars

CO2

Light-Dependent Reactions

CalvinCycle

NADPH

ATP

ADP + P

NADP+Chloroplast

Photosynthesis: An Overview

Light

Absorption of Light byChlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b

V B G YO R

Chlorophyll b

Chlorophyll a

Section 8-2Figure 8-5 Chlorophyll Light Absorption

Photosynthesis occurs in 2 steps

Step 1 -The Light Dependent Reactions (requires sunlight;

has to happen in daytime)

Step 2 - The Calvin Cycle or the Light INDEPENDENT Reactions

(does not require sunlight; can happen any time of day)

Step 1 – Light Dependent Rxns

•What happens: light energy is absorbed, water molecules are broken

•Where: in the thylakoid of the chloroplast

•Chemically speaking: 2H2O ---> 2H2 [which goes to next step]

and O2 [given off as waste]

Step 2 - the Calvin Cycle

(the light INdependent reactions)

•What happens: glucose is produced

•Where: in the stroma of the chloroplast

•Chemically speaking:

CO2 and H2 combine to form sugar C6H12O6

Photosynthesis

includes

of

take place intakes place in uses

to produce to produce

use

Light-dependentreactions

Calvin cycle

Thylakoidmembranes Stroma NADPHATPEnergy from

sunlight

ATP NADPH O2 Chloroplasts High-energysugar

Photosynthesis Concept Map

NOTICE THIS… goes into the atmosphere!

goes into plant roots, for ex.

Write the complete chemical reaction here… reactants and products6H2O + 6CO2 → 6O2 + C6H12O6

Photosynthesis (visualized)

Sugars + O2CO2 + H2O

thylakoid membrane

stroma

chloroplast

Cellular Respiration

•Process by which potential/chemical energy in glucose is TRANSFERRED...

•The large amount of energy in glucose is “repackaged” in the bonds of ATP

…to ATP!

GlucoseGlycolysis

Cytoplasm

Pyruvic acid

Electrons carried in NADH

Krebs Cycle

Electrons carried in

NADH and FADH2 Electron

Transport Chain

Mitochondrion

Cellular Respiration: An Overview

Go to Section:

The 4 steps of aerobic respiration:

(inluces glycolysis + cell respiration)

Step 1: Glycolysis

Step 2: Pyruvic Acid Breakdown

Step 3: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs)

Step 4: Electron Transport Chain

Step 1: Glycolysis

• What: a glucose molecule is broken into two pyruvate molecules; 2 ATP s are used, 4 are produced

•Where: in the cytoplasm [outside the mitochondrion]

•Chemically speaking:

C C C C C CC C C

ATP

ATPC C C

Step 2: Pyruvic Acid Breakdown

•Where: through the membranes of the mitochondrion

•What: the three-carbon molecules are broken into two-carbon molecules

•Chemically speaking:

C C C

C CC

ATP

C C C C

CO2

waste

C C

Step 3: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs)

•Where: in the matrix of the mitochondrion (the liquid)

•What: the two-carbon molecules are broken into one-carbon molecules

•Chemically speaking:

C CC

ATP

CO2

waste

C C

C CC

Step 4:Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

• What: energy from Step 3 is used to pass electrons down a cascade; the final electron acceptor is OXYGEN

• Where: in the inner-membrane folds of the mitochondrion (cristae)

•Chemically speaking:

ATPO2

Figure 9–7 Electron Transport Chain

Electron TransportHydrogen Ion Movement

ATP Production

ATP synthase

Channel

Inner Membrane

Matrix

Intermembrane Space

Mitochondrion

Cell Respiration

includes

of

take place intakes place in uses

to produce to produce

uses

Section 8-3

Concept MapCell Respiration Concept Map

goes into atmosphere

Cytoplasm

Mitochondrion

Membranes (cristae)

glucose

glycolysisKrebs, Electron Transport Chain

2 ATP 36 ATP! (total)

Carbon dioxide, water

pyruvic acid electrons

pyruvic acid, electrons

oxygen

NOTICE THIS…

Write the complete chemical reaction here… reactants and products6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6H2O + 6CO2

Glucose

Glycolysis Krebs cycle

Electrontransport

Fermentation Alcoholic or lactic

acid

Chemical Pathways for Cell Respiration

Go to Section:

Without oxygen

With oxygen

Which pathway makes more ATP—with oxygen or without?

Why would a cell have the other option, then?

Notice the contrast...

• Photosynthesis• loc:• needs:

• makes:

• Cell Respiration• loc:• needs:

• makes:

chloroplasts mitochondria

energy (light), CO2 and water

energy (ATP), CO2 and water

oxygen and glucose

oxygen and glucose