8th grade science mrs. kielbasa some images are from 2008

Coloring the Periodic Table

Families

8th Grade ScienceMrs. Kielbasa

Some images are from www.chem4kids.com

www.middleschoolscience.com 2008

Why is the Periodic Table important to me?

The periodic table is the most useful tool to a chemist.

You get to use it on every test.

It organizes lots of information about all the known elements.

Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry ……was a mess!!!No organization of

elements.Imagine going to a grocery

store with no organization!!

Difficult to find information.

Chemistry didn’t make sense.

Dmitri Mendeleev: Father of the Table

HOW HIS WORKED…Put elements in rows by

increasing atomic weight.

Put elements in columns by the way they reacted.

SOME PROBLEMS…He left blank spaces for

what he said were undiscovered elements. (Turned out he was right!)

He broke the pattern of increasing atomic weight to keep similar reacting elements together.

The Current Periodic TableMendeleev wasn’t too far off.Now the elements are put in rows by

increasing ATOMIC NUMBER!!

The horizontal rows are called periods and are labeled from 1 to 7.

The vertical columns are called groups are labeled from 1 to 18.

Groups…Here’s Where the Periodic Table Gets Useful!!Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties!!

(Mendeleev did that on purpose.)

Why??• They have the same

number of valence electrons.

• They will form the same kinds of ions.

Families on the Periodic TableElements on the periodic table can be grouped

into families bases on their chemical properties.Each family has a specific name to differentiate

it from the other families in the periodic table.Elements in each family react differently with other elements.Families may be one column, or several put together.Families have names rather than numbers. (Just like yourfamily has a common last name.)

HydrogenHydrogen belongs to a

family of its own.Hydrogen is a

diatomic, reactive gas.Hydrogen was

involved in the explosion of the Hindenberg.

Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles

Hydrogen is a non-metal

1 Electron

Alkali Metals1st column on the

periodic table (Group 1) not including hydrogen.

Very reactive metals, always combined with something else in nature (like in salt).

Soft enough to cut with a butter knife

ALKALI METALSGroup 1Hydrogen is not a

member, it is a non-metal1 electron in the outer

shellSoft and silvery metalsVery reactive, esp. with

waterConduct electricity

Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

Alkaline Earth MetalsSecond column on the

periodic table. (Group 2)Reactive metals that are

always combined with nonmetals in nature.

Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca)

ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 22 electrons in

the outer shellWhite and

malleableReactive, but

less than Alkali metals

Conduct electricity

Transition MetalsElements in groups 3-12Less reactive harder

metalsIncludes metals used in

jewelry and construction.

Metals used “as metal.”

TRANSITION METALSGroups in the

middle (3-12)

Good conductors of heat and electricity.

Some are used for jewelry.

The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.

Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

Boron FamilyElements in group 13Aluminum metal was

once rare and expensive, not a “disposable metal.”

BORON FAMILY Group 133 electrons in

the outer shellMost are metalsBoron is a

metalloid

Carbon Family Elements in group 14Contains elements

important to life and computers.

Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemistry.

Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.

CARBON FAMILY Group 144 electrons in

the outer shellContains

metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)

Nitrogen Family Elements in group 15Nitrogen makes up

over ¾ of the atmosphere.

Nitrogen and phosphorus are both important in living things.

Most of the world’s nitrogen is not available to living things.

The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus.

NITROGEN FAMILY Group 155 electrons in

the outer shellCan share

electrons to form compounds

Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

Oxygen Family or ChalcogensElements in group 16Oxygen is necessary for

respiration.Many things that stink,

contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)

OXYGEN FAMILY Group 166 electrons in

the outer shellContains

metals, metalloids, and non-metals

Reactive

HalogensElements in group 17Very reactive, volatile,

diatomic, nonmetalsAlways found combined

with other element in nature .

Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.

HalogensGroup 177 electrons in

the outer shellAll are non-

metalsVery reactive

are often bonded with elements from Group 1

The Noble Gases

The Noble GasesElements in group 18VERY unreactive,

monatomic gasesUsed in lighted “neon”

signsUsed in blimps to fix the

Hindenberg problem.Have a full valence shell.

Noble GasesGroup 18Exist as gasesNon-metals8 electrons in the

outer shell = FullHelium (He) has

only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full

Not reactive with other elements

Lanthanide - Rare Earth MetalsSome are

radioactivesilver, silvery-

white, or gray metals.

Conduct electricity

Burn easily in airHigh melting

points and boiling points.

Actinides - All are radioactive. highly electropositive. metals tarnish readily

in air. very dense metals with

distinctive structures. react with boiling water

or dilute acid to release hydrogen gas.

combine directly with most nonmetals.

Periodic Table Songhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-I7l8TgtuLQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYW50F42ss8