88106203 - ib documents past papers - subject... · 2019. 11. 7. · c4. discuss two ways in which...

8810-6203 26 pages

N10/4/DESTE/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX

Friday 12 November 2010 (morning)

DESIGN TECHNOLOGYHIGHER LEVELPaPER 3

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Write your session number in the boxes above.• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Answer all of the questions from one of the Options in the spaces provided. You may continue

your answers on answer sheets. Write your session number on each answer sheet, and attach them to this examination paper and your cover sheet using the tag provided.

• At the end of the examination, indicate the letter of the Option answered in the candidate box on your cover sheet and indicate the number of answer sheets used in the appropriate box on your cover sheet.

1 hour 15 minutes

Candidate session number

88106203

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Option A — Food science and technology

A1. Figure A1showsthestepsinthemakingofpizzadoughusingwheatflour,yeast,water,saltandoliveoil.

Figure A1: Steps in making a pizza dough

1.Mixflour,yeast,water,saltandoliveoilforpizzadough.

2.Gatherthedoughintoalargeballonaflouredboard.

3.Kneadthedoughbypushingwithheelofonehand.

4.Nowreversetheprocess,kneadingwiththeotherhand.

5.Placethedoughinabowlinawarmspot,andcoverit.

6.Whenthedoughhasdoubledinbulktakeitout.

7.Dividethedoughintoquarterstomakepies.

8.Pressdownwithpalmonapiece,flatteningit.

9.Turndoughinyourhandsandstretchitout.

10.Holdthedoughandletitsweightstretchit.

11.Usearollingpintoworkitintoacircle.

12.Pourontomatosauce,sprinklewithgratedcheese.Dribbleoliveoilovercheese,andbake.

[Source:“TheCookingofItaly”byWaverlyRoot.TimeLife“FoodsoftheWorld”,TimeLifeBooks,NY,1968.PhotographsbyMichaelField.Page174.]

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(Question A1 continued)

(a) State thenameof theprocesswhichcauses thedough todouble involumeas showninstep6.

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(b) Outlineonereasonforaddingyeasttothepizzadoughasshowninstep1.

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(c) Explainwhytherecipeforthepizzadoughwouldhavetobemodifiedsothatitwouldbesuitableaspartofagluten-freediet.

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A2. (a) StatetheMillenniumDevelopmentGoalrelatingtofoodsecurity.

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(b) Listtwocriteriaforfoodsecurity.

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A3. Amanhasaheightof1.9metres,aweightof125kgandawaistcircumferenceof117cm.(seeFigure A2).Havingawaistcircumferencegreaterthan102cmformenhasbeenshowntobeamoresensitiveindicationforincreasedriskofdiseaseassociatedwithbeingoverweightorobesethanbodymassindex(BMI)(kgm–2)(seeTable A1).

Table A1: Disease risk, BMI and waist circumference Figure A2: Man with increased waist circumference

Classification BMI (kg m–2)

Waist circumference less than 102 cm

Waist circumference more than 102 cm

Underweight <18.5 — —

Normal 18.5–24.9 — —

Overweight 25.0–29.9 Increased High

Obesity 30.0–34.9 High Veryhigh

— 35.0–39.9 Veryhigh Veryhigh

ExtremeObesity 40.0+ Extremelyhigh Extremelyhigh

[Source:ReportoftheDietaryGuidelinesAdvisoryCommitteeontheDietaryGuidelinesforAmericans,

2000.Infographic:FDA/RenéeGordon]

(a) CalculatetheBMIfortheman.

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(b) Outline one reason why governments should raise public awareness of health issuesrelatingtoobesity.

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A4. Discuss the influence of market pull and technology push on the development of newfoodproducts.

Marketpull:

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Technologypush:

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A5. Figure A3showstherecommendedlayoutforstorageoffoodinarefrigerator.

Figure A3: Recommended layout for the storage of food in a refrigerator

1.Cheese,dairyproducts

2.Cookedmeat

3.Salad

4.Pies,paté,etc

5.Uncookedredmeatsandsausages

6.Uncookedpoultry

[ImagereproducedcourtesyofFosterRefrigerator(www.fosterrefrigerator.co.uk).]

(a) Describe“high-risk”foods.

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(b) Identifyonereasonwhyuncookedpoultrywouldbekeptatthebottomoftherefrigerator.

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(c) Outline one reason why cheese and dairy products would be kept at the top oftherefrigerator.

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A6. (a) Discussoneissueofpublicconcernrelatingtothesafetyofgeneticallymodifiedcrops.

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(b) Explaintheimportanceofacceptancebythegeneralpublicinestablishingamarketforafoodproduct.

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A7. Discussthreeissuesrelatingtotheeffectivenessoflegislationgoverningfoodlabellingasameansofalteringdiets.

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Option B — Electronic product design

B1. The circuit shown inFigure B1 is part of a combination lock for an entry control systemto a smart home. Logic 1 atQ opens the lockmechanism. There are four push switcheslabelled A, B, C and D on a control pad. Pressing switch A provides a logic 1 at A.SwitchesB,CandDoperateinthesamewayasswitchA.

Figure B1: Part of a combination lock for an entry control system to a smart home

4 push switches

(a) StatethenameofthelogicgatelabelledX.

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(b) Completethetruthtableshownbelow. [2]

B A E F

(c) Explainwhichcombinationofswitchesneedstobepushedtoopenthelockmechanism.

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B2. (a) Definebit rate.

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(b) Outlineoneimplicationoflimitedbitratecapacityforahomesecuritysystem.

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B3. Figure B2showsacircuitusedaspartofapublicaddresssystem.ToachievetheappropriatelevelofamplificationVoutmustbetentimesVin.

Figure B2: Circuit used as part of a public address system

Vin Vout

(a) IdentifytheratioofRftoRatoachieveanamplificationoftentimes.

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(b) Outline one reason why Ra and Rf should not be very low (e.g. less than 1 kΩ) orveryhigh(e.g.morethan10kΩ).

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B4. ThecircuitshowninFigure B3ispartofanalarmsystemforasmarthome.Theuserisgivenapproximately20secondstoenterthecorrectcodeonakeypad(notshowninthediagram)beforethealarmsounds.Thiscircuitisdesignedtoswitchfromlogic1tologic0foraperiodofapproximately20secondswhentheswitchismovedfrompositionAtopositionB.

Figure B3: Circuit for part of an alarm system for a smart home

Vout320 kΩ

100µF

(a) Explain why the component values given for the resistor and capacitor are suitableforproducingatimeofapproximately20seconds.

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(b) Explaintheeffectofconnectinga200µFcapacitorinparallelwiththe100µFcapacitoronthedurationofthelogic0output.

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B5. (a) Describe“TheCommunicator”.

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(b) Identifyonekeyelementin“TheCommunicator”.

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(c) Identifyonedesignconsiderationintheimplementationof“TheCommunicator”.

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B6. (a) Compare digital photography and traditional celluloid film photography from anenvironmentalperspective.

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(b) Discuss one advantage of digital photography relative to traditional celluloid filmphotographyfortheuser.

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B7. Explainthelimitationsofanopenloopcontrolsystemandhowpositiveandnegativefeedbackareusedinaclosedloopsystemtoovercometheselimitations.

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Option C — CAD/CAM

C1. Figure C1 showsaCNCrouter. Figure C2 showsa twinflute straightcutting toolwitha1/4inchshank,3/16inchdiameteranda1/2inchlength.Figure C3showstheBenWilsonChairfix design. The chair is routed out of birch-faced plywood or MDF. The chair iseasilyassembledinminutesbytheenduser.Noglue,screwsorotherfixingsareneeded.

Figure C1: A CNC router Figure C2: Twin flute straight cutting tool

Figure C3: Ben Wilson’s chair-fix design

[UsedwiththepermissionofTrendCuttingToolsLtd.] [ChairfixbyBenWilson(www.benwilsondesign.co.uk).]

(a) StateonebenefitforthemanufacturerofusingaCNCrouterforthemanufactureoftheBenWilsonChairfixdesignshowninFigureC3.

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(b) DescribehowthestraightcuttingtoolwouldbeusedtomakethepartsinFigureC3.

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(c) ExplainhowaCNCmachineaidsmanufacture.

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[ImageusedwiththepermissionofCMTOrangeTools(www.cmtutensili.com).]

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C2. (a) Stateoneissuerelatingtothereplacementofthehumanworkforcebyrobots.

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(b) Outlineoneadvantageofusingrobotsinindustrialenvironments.

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C3. Figure C4showsaCADimageofachair.Figure C5showsaCADimageofawheelforachild’stoy.Bothareproducedfrom2–Dsketches.

Figure C4: CAD image of a chair Figure C5: CAD image of a wheel for a child’s toy

(a) Identify theprocesswhichwouldbeused toproducea3–D imageof thebackof thechairshowninFigureC4froma2–Dsketch.

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(b) IdentifytheprocesswhichwouldbeusedtoproducetheimageofthewheelshowninFigureC5froma2–Dsketch.

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[Redrawn from http://www.we-r-here.com/cad/tutorials/level_3/3-5.htm.Usedwithpermission.]

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C4. Discuss two ways in which CAD has affected consumer choice when considering akitchendesign.

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C5. (a) OutlineonewayinwhichCADsupportsflexibleworking.

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(b) OutlineonewayinwhichCADhaschangedthenatureofthedesigner-clientrelationship.

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(c) OutlineonewayinwhichCADhaschangedthenatureofdesigneducation.

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C6. (a) ExplainhowmodellingwaxisusedinaCAMsystemtoaidjewelleryproduction.

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(b) DiscussoneissuerelatingtotheuseofmetalasamaterialinaCAMsystem.

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C7. Discuss three benefits of using CAD with rapid prototyping for the designers ofelectronicproducts.

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Option D — Textiles

D1. Care labels for clothing and textile products are produced to international standards andadoptedinindividualcountries. Figure D1,forexample,showsthecoverofaguidetothecarelabellingstandardsproducedbytheAustralianCompetitionandConsumerCommission.Careinstructionmustbepermanentlyattachedtoproductsandaccessibleatthepointofsale.

Figure D1: Consumer guide to fabric care symbols

gnillebal eracfor clothing and textile products

a mandatory standards guide

productsafety

[©CommonwealthofAustralia.UsedwiththepermissionoftheAustralianCompetitionandConsumerCommission.]

(a) Stateonereasonwhycarelabellingfortextileproductsshouldbemandatory.

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(Question D1 continued)

(b) Outlineonereasonwhythecareinstructionsshouldbeaccessibleatthepointofsale.

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(c) Explainwhythereisaneedforinternationalstandardsforcarelabels.

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D2. (a) Stateonechallengeforthedesignersofwearablecomputinggarments.

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(b) Outlineonebenefitofaligning thewearablecomputingmarketmorecloselywith thefashionmarket.

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D3. VELCRO®consistsoftwolayers–oneiscoveredwithtinyhooks,theotherwithtinyloops.When the two layersarepressed together, thehookscatch in the loopsandhold thepiecestogether(seeFigure D2).VELCRO®wasinventedbyGeorgedeMestral,aSwissengineer.Theideacametohimafterhereturnedhomeonedaywithhisclothescoveredin theseeds(burrs)oftheburdockplant(seeFigure D3).VELCRO®iswidelyusedforthefastenersoftrainersandothersportsclothing(seeFigure D4).

Figure D2: Magnified images of VELCRO® showing the tiny hooks and loops

Figure D3: Tiny hooks on the seeds of the burdock plant

Figure D4: Child’s trainer with VELCRO® fastening

(a) IdentifyonewayinwhichVELCRO®isanexampleofbiomimetics.

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(b) OutlineoneadvantageofusingVELCRO®forthefastenerofthechild’strainershowninFigureD4.

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[Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bur_Macro_BlackBg.jpg.ImagebyZephyris.]

[Source:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kinderschoenen.jpg.ImagebyDmitriNeyt(DimiTalen,DimiCalifornia).]

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Velcro_hooks.jpgandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Velcro_loops.jpg.ImagesbyOlivepixel.

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D4. DiscusstwowaysinwhichtheuseofCAMinthetextileindustryhashelpedtominimisewaste.

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D5. (a) Describe the contribution of the EU flower system to the life cycle analysis oftextileproducts.

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(b) Describetheprocessofginning.

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(c) Outline one environmental issue related to commercial spinning, knitting andweavingprocesses.

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D6. (a) Explain one disadvantage of large multinational textile companies establishingmanufacturingoutletsindevelopingcountries.

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(b) Explain how corporate social responsibility may overcome the issue identified inquestionD6(a).

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D7. Explainthreefactorsthatcontributetoexpansionofthetextileindustryduetoautomation.

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Option E — Human factors design

E1. TheAppleiPodhasbeenaglobalsuccess(seeFigure E1).Ithasatouchwheelwhichrotatestoscrollthroughmenuitems.Thecentralbuttonisusedtoselectamenuitem.Thebuttonsonthetouchwheelperformbasicfunctions:menu,play/pause,nexttrack,andprevioustrack.

Figure E1: The Apple ipod

(a) Stateonecharacteristicofaproductwhichbecomesaglobalsuccess.

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(b) OutlineonewayinwhichtheuserinterfaceoftheiPodhascontributedtoitssuccess.

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(c) Explain why participatory design involving users helps designers to develop gooduserinterfaces.

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Source:iPod.Usedwithpermission.

8810-6203

E2. (a) Definedigital human.

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(b) Outline one way inwhich digital humans enable the consideration of human factorsearlyinthedesigncycle.

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E3. Figure E2showstwodoorsequippedwithdifferentdoorfurniturealthoughbothneedtobepushedtoopen.

Figure E2: Two doors and door furniture

(a) Outlineonereasonwhyaffordanceisanimportantconsiderationinhumanfactorsdesign.

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(b) Identifyonereasonwhytheuseofthepushplateontheright-handdoorinFigureE2isabetterdesignforadoorthatneedstobepushedthanthehandleandsignusedontheleft-handdoor.

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8810-6203

–25–

Turn over

E4. Discusstwowaysinwhichhumanfactorspecialistsdetermineadequateproductsafety.

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E5. (a) Identifyonehumanfactorissuerelatedtowheelchairdesign.

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(b) Outlineonewayinwhichdesignerscouldresearchhumanfactorsforwheelchairdesign.

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(c) DescribeonebenefitoftheInternetforwheelchairusers.

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8810-6203

E6. (a) Explainonereasonwhythedesignersofairportseatingmightdesignfordiscomfort.

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(b) Explaintheimportanceofinternationalstandardsinairportsignage.

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E7. Explainthreeadvantagesofusingpaperprototypinginthedesignprocess.

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88106203 - ib documents past papers - subject... · 2019. 11. 7. · c4. discuss two ways in which...

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