6.1 lecture

6.1 Solutions & 6.1 Solutions & Other MixturesOther Mixtures

Pages 186 – 191Pages 186 – 191

Goal 1Goal 1

Distinguish between Distinguish between heterogeneous and heterogeneous and

homogeneous mixtureshomogeneous mixtures

HeterogeneousHeterogeneous NOTNOT the same throughout the same throughout

Ratio of pure substances variesRatio of pure substances varies

Easily separated (settling)Easily separated (settling)

Examples:Examples:

Fruit saladFruit salad

SoilSoil

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HomogeneousHomogeneous SAMESAME throughout (uniform) throughout (uniform)

Ratio of pure substances sameRatio of pure substances same

Can be separated Can be separated

Examples:Examples:

Salt waterSalt water

AirAir

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Goal 2Goal 2

Know the properties of Know the properties of various various types of types of

heterogeneousheterogeneous mixtures mixtures

SuspensionSuspension Large visible particles (> 1000nm)Large visible particles (> 1000nm) Opaque / “murky”Opaque / “murky” Separation methodsSeparation methods

Settle outSettle out FilterFilter

ExamplesExamples OJOJ Muddy pond waterMuddy pond water

ColloidColloid Small particles (1-100 nm)Small particles (1-100 nm) Less often Opaque Less often Opaque Tricky = Appear homogeneousTricky = Appear homogeneous Do NOT settle outDo NOT settle out

ExamplesExamples FogFog MarshmallowsMarshmallows

Immiscible liquidsImmiscible liquids Do NOT mixDo NOT mix Obvious interface / separationsObvious interface / separations Separation methodsSeparation methods

Pour off less / more dense layerPour off less / more dense layer

ExamplesExamples Water and oilWater and oil

EmulsionsEmulsions Evenly spread-out mixture of immiscible Evenly spread-out mixture of immiscible

liquidsliquids Obvious interface / separationsObvious interface / separations

Tricky! = Tricky! = smallsmall particles so particles so appearsappears uniformuniform

ExamplesExamples MayonnaiseMayonnaise CreamCream

Goal 3Goal 3

Know the properties of Know the properties of various various types of types of

homogeneoushomogeneous mixtures mixtures

SolutionSolution Solute = small amountSolute = small amount Solvent = large amountSolvent = large amount Even distribution / dissolvedEven distribution / dissolved

ExamplesExamples Sugar waterSugar water Metal alloysMetal alloys

Universal solvent = WATERUniversal solvent = WATER Dissolves more than any other liquidDissolves more than any other liquid Polar molecule Polar molecule

Will dissolve + or – charged Will dissolve + or – charged substancessubstances

Miscible liquidsMiscible liquids Form single, uniform layerForm single, uniform layer Separation methodsSeparation methods

Distillation (own boiling point)Distillation (own boiling point) ExamplesExamples

Vinegar (acetic acid + water)Vinegar (acetic acid + water) Rubbing alcohol (isopropanol + Rubbing alcohol (isopropanol +

water)water)