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July 1999Snowmass, CO

Goal 1: Comprehensive transport models• Pursue the challenging, yet realistic goal of developing comprehensive predictive

transport models, based on physically reasonable assumptions and well-testedagainst experiments

• Several models reproduce core T(r)with 15-30% RMS accuracy in someregimes. More comprehensivesimulations needed for a wider varietyof regimes and more accuracy.

• Relatively complete simulations arebecoming feasible (with non-adiabaticelectrons, electromagnetic fluctuations,realistic geometry, edge recycling ...).

Numerical Tokamak Turbulence Project

July 1999Snowmass, CO

Goal 1b: Detailed Experiment/Theory Comparisons

• Advances in simulations and diagnostics are enabling more detailed comparisons thatgive insight into turbulent processes.

– not just T(r), but also T(r,t) heat-pulse perturbations, transport barrier dynamics.

• Study turbulence causal links more directly & quantitatively:

– Improved utilization of existing diagnostics: k & ω spectra, cross-correlations, bi-spectra, … in systematic parameter scans. Require dedicated experimental time.

– Develop novel fluctuation/imaging diagnostics.

• Improve understanding of complex codes by theoretical analysis of simplified modelsand codes that isolate key physics. Understanding underlying basic physics crucial tosuccessful & credible transport modeling.

• Test on existing innovative-concept experiments, and eventually use to predict andoptimize future innovative-concept and next-step experiments.

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Magneto/Hydrodynamic and BeamEquilibrium and Stability Subgroup

Co-Chairs: R. Betti and E. Strait

Organizers:J. Callen, J. Cary, A. Friedman, S. Lund, J. Manickam, M. Rosen, H. Strauss

Speakers:A. Reiman, R. Davidson, R. Town, R. Bangerter, G. Navratil, J. Freidberg,J. Lindl, J. Manickam, J. Finn, H. Strauss, J. Dahlburg, R. Nebel, S. Lund,T. Hayashi, R. La Haye, S. Prager, M. Rosen, L. Steinhauer, J.-N. LeBoeuf,S. Cohen, M. Yamada, H. Ji, P. Bellan

Goals of the M/HD-Beams subgroup

● Identify critical issues of equilibrium and stability in fusion energy science, andoutline research activities to address these issues in the next decade.

● Focus on MHD, hydrodynamic, and beam sciences that underlie the magneticconfinement, inertial target, and heavy-ion driver approaches to fusion.

● Emphasize scientific understanding and comparison of theory, modeling, andexperiment.

● Consider MHD, hydro, and beam topics within the following areas:

— 3D equilibrium

— Stability

— Resistive MHD and magnetic field generation

MHD Plasma Science for MFE

Issue: Ideal and resistive MHD have been very successful, but …..

Present understanding of MHD is not sufficient to describe some importantmacroscopic behavior. (neoclassical tearing, resistive wall modes, relaxationphenomena, energetic particle instabilities,…)

— Challenge: Extended MHD models (flow, 2-fluid, ρ*, kinetic effects, …)

◆ Opportunity: Further develop and apply 3D nonlinear codes

◆ Opportunity: Explore models for inclusion of non-standard MHD effects

— Challenge: Improved analytic theory and computational methods tounderstand self-consistent systems with mixed chaotic and integrable regions

◆ Opportunity: Further develop and apply 3D equilibrium codes

◆ Opportunity: Develop and apply self-consistent Hamiltonian dynamics

➽ Improved MHD models can benefit other branches of plasma science.

MHD Plasma Science for MFE (cont’d.)

— Challenge: More complete experimental information for comparison withtheory and modeling

◆ Opportunity: Develop diagnostics for 2D and 3D imaging of MHD instabilities

◆ Opportunity: Develop high resolution diagnostics for transport barriers

— Challenge: Improved physics understanding of new approaches toimproving MHD stability, through theory, modeling, and experiment

◆ Opportunity: Further explore configurational stabilization

• 2D and 3D shaping, profile control, rotation

◆ Opportunity: Develop feedback stabilization of MHD modes

• Localized current drive, external coils

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Plasma science – Wave Particle Interaction Subgroup

D. B. Batchelor, W. Kruer – Chair

Organizing committee: D. B. Batchelor, W. Kruer, R. Nazikian, C. K. Phillips, M. Tabak

Breakout groups:

Injected waves: D.B. Batchelor, C. K. Phillips – coordinators

M. Porkolab, J. Hosea, V. Chan, D. Rasmussen – discussion leaders

Plasma generated waves: R. Nazikian – coordinator

H. Burk, W. Heidbrink, R. Nazikian – discussion leaders

IFE: W. Kruer – coordinator

5 to 10 year goal: Develop reliable RF plasma control forsuccessful experiments, leading to attractive reactors

● Success of any magnetic fusion concept will likely depend on controllingthese non-linearly coupled processes

● Some RF techniques are developed and used routinely in tokamaks, buthave only scratched the surface for other concepts and other techniques

● Key is understanding RF physics and developing accurate predictivecapability

Plasma Processes:

Transport

Turbulence

MHD stability

α heating

PlasmaParameters:

Pressure profilesnj(r), Tj(r)

q(r) profile

flow profilesvθ(r), vφ(r)

Εr profile

RF control mechanisms:

Localized heating

Localized Current Drive

Driven plasma flows

Driven radial fluxes

Distribution functionmodifications

Research program – To realize this potential we must:

● Support ongoing research in application of advanced RF techniques totokamaks. Address the special needs of non-tokamak devices

● Improve the reliability, compatibility and flexibility of couplers byunderstanding the physics of antenna/plasma interaction, andsupporting innovative launcher development

● Understand the coupling problems of Ion Bernstein Waves (IBW) anddevelop the science and technology necessary to make it work reliably

● Support development of innovative wave physics approaches. – highharmonic fast wave, fast wave/Ion Bernstein Wave mode conversion,electron Bernstein wave, low vphase Current drive, buckets, α channeling

— Experiment, theory and modeling

— Launcher development

— Advanced wave diagnostics

Wave Physics Introduced by Energetic Particles

• Energetic particles introduce additional instabilitiesA. “Universal” drive leads to possible instability in burning plasma if drift

frequency is larger than the wave frequency -- ω*(alpha)>ω(wave)

B. As ω*(alpha)§����ω*(thermal), otherwise stable plasma modes can bedestabilized, e.g., Alfvénic waves

C. Linear waves have been observed as predicted by theory

D. New modes identified that grow on the energetic particles

• Non-linear evolution and transportA. Wide variety of non-linear phenomena observed; bifurcations, frequency

chirping, avalanches, convective losses etc.

B. Considerable analytic and numerical progress in describing above data

C. Need to develop comprehensive predictive understanding ofspontaneous wave-particle phenomena using fully non-linear kinetic-MHD codes coupled to experimental data and analytic interpretation

D. These numerical techniques for describing energetic particle phenomenacan be generalized to a complete kinetic description of plasmas rangingfrom Tokamaks to Field Reverse Configurations

Challenges and Opportunities for Phase Space“Engineering” of Energetic Particles

• External wave control of energetic particles has thepotential to control power flow in a reactorA. Strong interaction of energetic particles with external waves observed

B. May be used for current drive, pressure and momentum profile control

C. Possible enhancement of fusion power density (alpha channeling)

D. Actual methods of control require development

• Near term opportunities includeA. Laboratory experiments with detailed measurement of RF waves and

particles which can address generic kinetic wave-particle issues

B. Credible, experimentally validated models need to be developed withthe most advanced computational and analytical techniques

• Progress can have significant implications for plasmacontrol

Cross–cutting issues

● Connections between wave/particle issues in MFE and IFE— Wave versus plasma-evolution time scale separation

— 2D/3D issues

— Need for tera-scale computing

Establish MFE/IFE collaborations on similar issues:

➾ non-linear plasma instabilities driven by intense electomagnetic waves (e.g., ponderomotive effects in laser fusion ⇔ Ion Bernstein Wavelaunchers)

➾ Diagnostics (e.g., spectroscopy, ...)

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GDP Snowmass2 993

Boundary science is used tocontrol plasma/neutral flows

◆ Improper treatment of the effluxes is hazardous tothe health of internal components

◆ Improper treatment of the influxes is hazardous tothe health of the core plasma

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