222 gaurav

Introduction

General Discussion about biodiesels

Previous works and properties of

jatropha

Simulation Model

Experimental set-up

Results and Discussions

Conclusion

References

Presentation Layout

Need for Alternative Fuel

Fast Depletion of Fossil Fuels

Global Warming and Environmental Pollution

Ever Increasing Energy Demand

Crisis of Energy throughout the World

Introduction

Biodiesel is made from 100% renewable recourses and it is

considered as the fuel of future.

It is made from vegetable oil through a process called

transesterification.

2 2

3 3

CH OOR CH OH

| |CHOOR + 3 CH OH 3CH OOCR

2 2

+ CHOH

| | CH OOR CH OH

(Triglyceride) (Methanol) (Methyl Ester) (Glycerol)

Transesterification Reaction

What is biodiesel?

Exploration

Refining

Use in Cars and Trucks

Fossil CO2

Release to Atmosphere

PETRO-DIESEL CO2 CYCLEAlmost 10 kg of fossil CO2 released 3.78 liter of fuel burned

BIODIESEL CO2 CYCLENo fossil CO2 Released ; No global warming

Biodiesel Production

Use in Cars and TrucksOil Crops

Renewable CO2

Previous WorksResearcher Method Conclusion

Rao [1] Experimental Decrease in engine performance and emissionsIncrease in NOx

Dwivedi et al. [2]

Experimental BSFC increasedBrake thermal efficiency was almost equal

Prasad et al. [3] Experimental Higher BSFCLower CO and HC emissionsHigher NOx emission

Amarnath et al. [4]

Experimental Slight reduction in performanceLower HC emissionIncrease in NOx emission

Property Fuel

Diesel Jatropha

Cetane No. 48 53

Molecular Mass 190 282

Calorific Value (MJkg-1)

42.5 38

Density (kgm-3) 830 872

Composition (in mass fraction)

C 0.87 0.766

H 0.126 0.120

O 0.004 0.114

Dynamic Viscosity coeffecient at 325 K(Pas)

0.003 0.0057

Properties of Jatropha

Simulation Model

*as described by Hamdan and Khalil [5]

are the stoichiometric coefficients on the product side and reactant side

Conservation of mass* j

jmdt

dm

jm is the mass flow rate of the jth species

Conservation of species*

mwicyli

ji

j

jj

WYY

m

mY

i is a dimensionless integral dependent on ith species

Conservation of energy*

FluxEnthalpy

jj j

TransferHeat

ht

WorkntDisplacemeEnergyInternal

hmdt

dQ

dt

dvp

dt

mud

cyliYj

iY and

mwWis the molecular weight of the species

Equivalence ratio

Sfa

fa

S mm

mm

FA

FA

Brake power .TPb

Specific fuel consumptionb

f

P

mSFC

NOx formation Modelling*

2

2

2

O 2O

N +O NO+N

N+O NO+O

Zeldovich mechanism

*as described by Heywood [6]

Simulation Model

NOx formation Modelling*

1

..2365

1..

1...10333.2.

2

3365

22

38020

7

e

T

zZ

eeeT

O

NOe

TTR

NONOONep

d

NOd

z

Z

p is a cylinder pressure, Pa; Tz is a temperature in a burnt gas zone, K; R is a gas constant, J/(mole K); ω is an angular crank velocity, 1/sec; , , , are equilibrium concentrations.

eNO eN2 eO eO2

*as described by Kuleshov [7]

Soot Formation Modelling dt

dx

V

q

dt

Cd C

K

004.0

V is a current volume of cylinder, qc is a cycle fuel mass, dx/dt is a heat release rateK is a constant of evaporation.

Simulation Model

Particulate Matter Modelling* 206.1

10

10ln565

BoschPM

*as described by Alkidas [8]

Calculation of Hartige smoke level CHartige 4226.2exp9545.01100

Simulation Model

Experimental SetupManufacturer Kirloskar Engine Oil. ltd

Model AV2

Type 4-stroke, water cooled

Ignition Type Compression Ignition

No. of cylinders 2

Rated Power 7.35 kW or 10 BHP

Bore 80 mm

Stroke 110 mm

8

6

1

2

4

7

9 10

3

1. Engine, 2. Hydraulic dynamometer, 3. Exhaust Gas Analyser, 4. Loading Unit, 5. Fuel Tank, 6. Measuring Burette, 7. Inlet water for dynamometer, 8. Inlet water for engine, 9. Water outlet from dynamometer, 10. Water outlet from engine

5

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup

Experimental Setup

Results and DiscussionsValidation of Experimental and Numerical

Results

Results and Discussions

Results and Discussions

Results and Discussions

Results and Discussions

Conclusion Diesel-RK gives s realistic results and trend match

well with experimental results.

The slight quantitative difference is due to the fact that Diesel-RK uses 1-D modeling and experimental results are 3-D in nature.

With increase in biodiesel share in the blends:

Brake thermal efficiency decreases and BSFC increases

NOx and CO2 emissions increase

Smoke and PM emissions decrease

References1. P. V. Rao, Experimental Investigations on the Influence of Properties of Jatropha Biodiesel on Performance, Combustion, and Emission Characteristics of a DI-CI Engine, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2011, 51, 854-867.

2. G. Dwivedi, S. Jain, M. P. Sharma, Impact of Biodiesel and its Blends with Diesel and Methanol on Engine Performance, International Journal of Energy Science, 2011, 1(2), 105-109.

3. S. M. Palash, M. A. Kalam, H. H. Masjuki, B. M. Masum, A. Sanjid, Impacts of Jatropha biodiesel blends on engine performance and emission of a multi cylinder diesel engine, Intermational Conference on Future Trends in Structural, Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering – FTSCEM, 2013,ISBN: 978-981-07-7021-1 doi:10.3850/ 978-981-07-7021-1_58.

4. H. K. Amarnath, P. Prabhakaran, S. A. Bhat and R. Paatil, A Comparative Experimental Study Between The Biodiesels of Karanja, Jatropha And Palm Oils Based On Their Performance And Emissions In A Four Stroke Diesel Engine, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, April 2012, 7(4), 1819-6608

References5. M. A. Hamdan, R. H. Khalil, Simulation of compression engine powered by Biofuels, Energy Conversion and Management, 2010, vol. 51(8), pp. 1714–1718.

6. J. B. Heywood, Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, 1988, McGraw-Hill Co., US.

7. A. S. Kuleshov, Use of Multi-Zone DI Diesel Spray Combustion Model for Simulation and Optimization of Performance and Emissions of Engines with Multiple Injection, 2006, SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1385, doi:10.4271/2006-01-1385.

8. A. C. Alkidas, Relationship between smoke measurements and particular measurements, 1984, SAE Technical Paper 840412, doi:10.4271/840412.