222 gaurav
Upload: 4th-international-conference-on-advances-in-energy-research-icaer-2013
Post on 24-May-2015
224 views
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction
General Discussion about biodiesels
Previous works and properties of
jatropha
Simulation Model
Experimental set-up
Results and Discussions
Conclusion
References
Presentation Layout
Need for Alternative Fuel
Fast Depletion of Fossil Fuels
Global Warming and Environmental Pollution
Ever Increasing Energy Demand
Crisis of Energy throughout the World
Introduction
Biodiesel is made from 100% renewable recourses and it is
considered as the fuel of future.
It is made from vegetable oil through a process called
transesterification.
2 2
3 3
CH OOR CH OH
| |CHOOR + 3 CH OH 3CH OOCR
2 2
+ CHOH
| | CH OOR CH OH
(Triglyceride) (Methanol) (Methyl Ester) (Glycerol)
Transesterification Reaction
What is biodiesel?
Exploration
Refining
Use in Cars and Trucks
Fossil CO2
Release to Atmosphere
PETRO-DIESEL CO2 CYCLEAlmost 10 kg of fossil CO2 released 3.78 liter of fuel burned
BIODIESEL CO2 CYCLENo fossil CO2 Released ; No global warming
Biodiesel Production
Use in Cars and TrucksOil Crops
Renewable CO2
Previous WorksResearcher Method Conclusion
Rao [1] Experimental Decrease in engine performance and emissionsIncrease in NOx
Dwivedi et al. [2]
Experimental BSFC increasedBrake thermal efficiency was almost equal
Prasad et al. [3] Experimental Higher BSFCLower CO and HC emissionsHigher NOx emission
Amarnath et al. [4]
Experimental Slight reduction in performanceLower HC emissionIncrease in NOx emission
Property Fuel
Diesel Jatropha
Cetane No. 48 53
Molecular Mass 190 282
Calorific Value (MJkg-1)
42.5 38
Density (kgm-3) 830 872
Composition (in mass fraction)
C 0.87 0.766
H 0.126 0.120
O 0.004 0.114
Dynamic Viscosity coeffecient at 325 K(Pas)
0.003 0.0057
Properties of Jatropha
Simulation Model
*as described by Hamdan and Khalil [5]
are the stoichiometric coefficients on the product side and reactant side
Conservation of mass* j
jmdt
dm
jm is the mass flow rate of the jth species
Conservation of species*
mwicyli
ji
j
jj
WYY
m
mY
i is a dimensionless integral dependent on ith species
Conservation of energy*
FluxEnthalpy
jj j
TransferHeat
ht
WorkntDisplacemeEnergyInternal
hmdt
dQ
dt
dvp
dt
mud
cyliYj
iY and
mwWis the molecular weight of the species
Equivalence ratio
Sfa
fa
S mm
mm
FA
FA
Brake power .TPb
Specific fuel consumptionb
f
P
mSFC
NOx formation Modelling*
2
2
2
O 2O
N +O NO+N
N+O NO+O
Zeldovich mechanism
*as described by Heywood [6]
Simulation Model
NOx formation Modelling*
1
..2365
1..
1...10333.2.
2
3365
22
38020
7
e
T
zZ
eeeT
O
NOe
TTR
NONOONep
d
NOd
z
Z
p is a cylinder pressure, Pa; Tz is a temperature in a burnt gas zone, K; R is a gas constant, J/(mole K); ω is an angular crank velocity, 1/sec; , , , are equilibrium concentrations.
eNO eN2 eO eO2
*as described by Kuleshov [7]
Soot Formation Modelling dt
dx
V
q
dt
Cd C
K
004.0
V is a current volume of cylinder, qc is a cycle fuel mass, dx/dt is a heat release rateK is a constant of evaporation.
Simulation Model
Particulate Matter Modelling* 206.1
10
10ln565
BoschPM
*as described by Alkidas [8]
Calculation of Hartige smoke level CHartige 4226.2exp9545.01100
Simulation Model
Experimental SetupManufacturer Kirloskar Engine Oil. ltd
Model AV2
Type 4-stroke, water cooled
Ignition Type Compression Ignition
No. of cylinders 2
Rated Power 7.35 kW or 10 BHP
Bore 80 mm
Stroke 110 mm
8
6
1
2
4
7
9 10
3
1. Engine, 2. Hydraulic dynamometer, 3. Exhaust Gas Analyser, 4. Loading Unit, 5. Fuel Tank, 6. Measuring Burette, 7. Inlet water for dynamometer, 8. Inlet water for engine, 9. Water outlet from dynamometer, 10. Water outlet from engine
5
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup
Experimental Setup
Results and DiscussionsValidation of Experimental and Numerical
Results
Results and Discussions
Results and Discussions
Results and Discussions
Results and Discussions
Conclusion Diesel-RK gives s realistic results and trend match
well with experimental results.
The slight quantitative difference is due to the fact that Diesel-RK uses 1-D modeling and experimental results are 3-D in nature.
With increase in biodiesel share in the blends:
Brake thermal efficiency decreases and BSFC increases
NOx and CO2 emissions increase
Smoke and PM emissions decrease
References1. P. V. Rao, Experimental Investigations on the Influence of Properties of Jatropha Biodiesel on Performance, Combustion, and Emission Characteristics of a DI-CI Engine, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2011, 51, 854-867.
2. G. Dwivedi, S. Jain, M. P. Sharma, Impact of Biodiesel and its Blends with Diesel and Methanol on Engine Performance, International Journal of Energy Science, 2011, 1(2), 105-109.
3. S. M. Palash, M. A. Kalam, H. H. Masjuki, B. M. Masum, A. Sanjid, Impacts of Jatropha biodiesel blends on engine performance and emission of a multi cylinder diesel engine, Intermational Conference on Future Trends in Structural, Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering – FTSCEM, 2013,ISBN: 978-981-07-7021-1 doi:10.3850/ 978-981-07-7021-1_58.
4. H. K. Amarnath, P. Prabhakaran, S. A. Bhat and R. Paatil, A Comparative Experimental Study Between The Biodiesels of Karanja, Jatropha And Palm Oils Based On Their Performance And Emissions In A Four Stroke Diesel Engine, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, April 2012, 7(4), 1819-6608
References5. M. A. Hamdan, R. H. Khalil, Simulation of compression engine powered by Biofuels, Energy Conversion and Management, 2010, vol. 51(8), pp. 1714–1718.
6. J. B. Heywood, Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, 1988, McGraw-Hill Co., US.
7. A. S. Kuleshov, Use of Multi-Zone DI Diesel Spray Combustion Model for Simulation and Optimization of Performance and Emissions of Engines with Multiple Injection, 2006, SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1385, doi:10.4271/2006-01-1385.
8. A. C. Alkidas, Relationship between smoke measurements and particular measurements, 1984, SAE Technical Paper 840412, doi:10.4271/840412.