20140604 si-coat hvic - reliability and beyond

Si-COAT® 570™RTV Silicone HVIC

Reliability & Beyond

Seminar Presentation

Overview

• Background & industry pressures– Early validation of Si-COAT HVIC

• The science of Si-COAT• Si-COAT economics

– CO2 offset

• Q&A

Si-COAT HVIC : The Background

• A need for a robust insulator coating– Excellent adhesion required– Elimination of water washing required

• Si-COAT Formulated for:– Superior adhesion– Very smooth surface finish– Extremely long life

• Two very surprising advantages discovered!

Si-COAT : The Advantages

• One-part RTV (ready-to-use)

• Superior adhesion

• Smooth surface finish

• Rich LMWS concentration

• Low surface free energy– Very high hydrophobicity

• Maintenance free

• Near total suppression of leakage

current

Si-COAT® HVIC Thermal Imagingin Rural Italy

Thermal imaging via infrared cameras measures the rise in temperature, above ambient, of various structures.

Since leakage current generates heat, thermal imaging is an ideal and cost-efficient tool to measure approximate levels of leakage current.

Thermal imaging by infrared cameras of insulators coated withSi-COAT and those left uncoated reveal that uncoated insulators undergo an appreciable rise in temperature.

Each Celsius degree rise in temperature above ambient roughly correlates to 2 mA of leakage current.

The approximate 9°C temperature rise of uncoated sections in this photograph indicate roughly 18 mA of leakage current on uncoated insulators.

Coated insulators show no rise in temperature, translating to an effective zero level of leakage current.

Si-COAT HVIC coated insulator

(at ambient temp.)

Uncoated insulators

(at elevated temp.)

Photo courtesy of Terna of the Enel Group, Italy

?The Reality is Harsh…

Reliability

Digital Economy Demands More…

Electric bulb and motor economy• 99.9% (three-9) reliability acceptable• < 9 hours of outages per year• 100 years at this level, globally

Microprocessor and networked economy• 99.9999% (six-9) reliability required• < 31.5 seconds of outages per year

Flourishing digital economy (EPRI estimate)

• 99.9999999% (nine-9) reliability• < 31.5 milliseconds of outages per year

A Thorn in Reliability’s Side…

• Insulator contamination : a long posed nuisance– Water washing

• Short-term solution

– Greasing• Short-term solution

– Composite insulators• Questionable reliability

– RTV Silicone Coatings• Reliable performance• Leverages mechanical integrity of ceramics• A cure for ailing composites

Si-COAT versus Water & Grease

Si-COAT : a Remarkable Effect

• Leakage current nearly eradicatedLABORATORY– Zittau University (Germany) Testing

• IEC 62217 Salt Fog Test; 1,000 hours– KEMA (Netherlands) Testing

• IEC 61109 Salt Fog Test; 5,000 hoursFIELD– US Dept. of Energy

• > 99% suppression over 10 years– PPC Greece

• > 99.9% suppression in IEC Class IV contamination zone

– Kinectrics Research• 20 kW/km recoverable!

– Koeberg (KIPTS) Testing

IEC 62217 : 1,000 hr Si-COAT Result

Data : Prof R. Bärsch, HV Lab, Zittau University of Applied Sciences

Test Parameters•Medium voltage porcelain

– 700 mm creepage– 60 mm core

diameter– 122 mm shed

diameter– 355 mm dry arc

resistance

•20.3 kV ; 0.29 kV/cm•6.7 mS/cm fog conductivity (ref. 50 mS/cm for sea water)

Observation•Max leakage current <0.1 mA

IEC 61109 : Si-COAT Shines

Final Test Report, KEMA Laboratories, The Netherlands, 2004

US Dept. of Energy Experience

Columbia Generating Station

• 1,150 MW Nuclear Plant

• Owned & operated by Energy Northwest

• Sole customer is Bonneville Power Administration (US Dept. of Energy)

• East side of Washington State– Seemingly unlikely

place for insulator contamination

(US DoE) : Plant Configuration

Transformer yard on north side of station

• Prevailing winds from south• Plume & contaminants carried to transformer yard

northsouth

(US DoE) : Contamination Issues

Condensed plume migrating north to transformer yard

Typical contamination buildup

• Cooling water drawn from Columbia River• Contamination sources

– Natural river contaminants– Buffer chemicals

• Contaminants in circulation water– Anions: sulphate, bicarbonate, silica, chloride,

orthophosphate, fluoride– Cations: calcium, magnesium, sodium,

ammonia, copper, zinc, iron

(US DoE) : Failure in Reliability

Flashover #1:• 17h14, 30-January-89• Plume condensed in cold• Corrective action: annual water washing

Flashover #2:• 10h10, 10-December-90• Corrective action: find the correct solution

I. Cleaning Off-line cleaning Hot line washing Installed insulator washers

II. Monitoring Insulator leakage current

monitoring Weekly measurement of

ESDD Meteorological monitoring RF/Ultrasonic

III. Contamination Source Reduction

Transformer Yard cover Transformer Yard wind

deflectors Drift eliminators Cooling tower plume

reduction Hot air ducted into

transformer yard

IV. Insulator Modifications Fog type insulators Non-ceramic insulators Resistance graded

insulators Creepage extenders Silicone grease Si-COAT RTV Silicone

(US DoE) : Reliability Investigations

(US DoE) : Si-COAT HVIC Testing

• Si-COAT under test from 1989• Intensive testing initiated late 1991• Principal property was to improve

hydrophobicity (prevent water filming)

Fog Chamber Tests Round 1 (31-Dec-92)• Coated & uncoated insulators first

contaminated for 3 months under plume• ESDD up to 0.111 mg/cm2, area weighted avg.

Trial #1 Trial #2Minutes to Flashover

Per Unit Rated

Voltage

Minutes to Flashover

Per Unit Rated

Voltage

Bare 20 2.0 55 2.0

Other RTV 94 2.0 116 2.0

Si-COAT RTV >120 2.6 >120 2.9

Fog Chamber Tests Round 2 (05-May-93)• 31.5 in station post insulators• Exposure:

– 20 days tower mist and 26 lbs dust– 5 days mist and heat cycling

Flashover Voltage

Per Unit Rated

Voltage

Bare 117 kV 1.52

Company 1 RTV

131 kV 1.70

Company 2 RTV

227 kV 2.94

Silicone Grease A

240 kV 3.11

CSL-880 Grease

250 kV 3.25

Si-COAT RTV 251 kV 3.26

(US DoE) : Conclusions

• Si-COAT provided superior results for reducing risk and preventing flashover

• With the concurrence of US DoE, Energy Northwest determined Si-COAT (CSL) RTV HVIC offered best prospects for preventing future service interruptions

(US DoE) : Results

• Si-COAT virtually eliminated leakage current

Maximum Broad-Band Leakage Current

Uncoated Insulator

Si-COAT RTV HVIC Coated Insulator

18-Dec-93 50 mA< 0.25 mA(> 99.5%

suppression)

Apr-94 100 mA< 0.25 mA(> 99.8%

suppression)

(US DoE) : Results

• US DoE Internal Report 03-Jun-94– Si-COAT avoided at least 6 forced outages in first

year alone

• Leakage current, hydrophobicity and resistance testing indicated good condition after 10 years of service– Recoat at 10 years as insurance

• Few visible signs of degradation

KIPTS Natural Pollution Testing

(KIPTS) : Order of Magnitude Better with Si-COAT

Si-COAT® 570RTV Silicone HVIC

The Science

electrons LEAK along a dirty insulator

particles

of dirt

Insulators are not Perfect

How Does Si-COAT Work?

Si-COAT LMWS Encapsulates Dirt

Water Can’t Combine with Dirt

Si-COAT Hydrophobicity

Si-COAT has Most LMWS

Si-COAT Other RTV HVIC

Relative bulk LMWS concentrations as revealed by X-ray mapping technique

How To Avoid Damage to Silicone!

this area getsWARM & DRY

• Dry band arcing– Very high

temperatures– Can damage

unprotected coating

How To Avoid Damage to Silicone!

Dry Band Arcing Damage is Beaten

• ATH: Alumina Trihydrate• Dry band arcing activates ATH• ATH absorbs the energy of dry band arcing• Coating is protected and undamaged• Surface of ATH particle is most critical

– The greater the surface area of the ATH, the more protection that is offered

Smaller ATH = More Surface Area

Very Small ATH Restricts LMWS

Larger ATH Promotes LMWS Flow

13 microns : Optimum ATH Size

• The basis of CSL’s patent for Si-COAT HVIC is the 13 micron Optimum ATH Particle Size

Developing Ultra-Hydrophobicity

Ultra-Hydrophobicity Explained

• Ultra-Hydrophobicity is also known as “The Lotus Leaf Effect”

Ultra-Hydrophobicity Explained

Ultra-Hydrophobicity, Turkey (2 years)

Si-COAT® 570RTV Silicone HVIC

Further Considerations

The Payback of Efficient InsulatorsIntelligent Solution :

Recover Leakage Losses– Significant power readily recoverable with

Si-COAT– US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)

• Average 0.71kg CO2 per kWh• Average 22 kg CO2 sequestered per year by a

single tree

Holistic thinking :– Resistive (I2R) loss in conductor is the major loss– Leakage losses can also be addressed– Loss reduction has positive environmental

impact

Si-COAT : Lucrative Economics

Cumulative Leakage Current Suppressed

Hence, Additional Revenue Available

Thus, Additional Power Reclaimed

CO2 Offset30 million kg per year

Equivalent Trees1.4 million additional

Si-COAT : Carbon Conscious

In Conclusion

1. The Si-COAT patented technology proposes three levels of value:

• Maintenance reduction• Reliability improvement• Economic/Environmental benefits

2. Si-COAT virtually eliminates leakage current for the long term

3. Therefore, significant reduction in expenses and losses due to planned/unplanned outages

4. Investment in Si-COAT veryquickly recovered

Seminar Presentation

Si-COAT® 570™RTV Silicone HVIC

Q&A Session

Science of Si-COAT® HVIC Simplified

20140604 si-coat hvic - reliability and beyond

required sicoat

csl silicones

sicoat hvic thermal

science of si

uncoated insulators

ma of leakage current

level of leakage current

rtv silicone hvic reliability

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