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Part of the BRE Trust
2011 Technical changesPaul Thistlethwaite
BREEAM 2011
– Consolidation– 1 assessment
manual– Most building
types
– 49 issues across 9 categories
– Criteria still accounts for:– building type– occupancy– usage differences
Benefits
– An updated, world leading environmental performance standard for new buildings
– Maintains a robust yet flexible and low-cost approach to setting, measuring and monitoring building performance targets
– Aligns with and compliments existing, new and emerging standards and practices
– Provides a structure that encourages and supports the defining and delivery of zero carbon buildings
Benefits continued
– Facilitates delivery of ‘whole-life’ building benefits at the design and construction stage for no additional cost
– Provides a barometer of building performance against industry average/standard practice
– Source of key performance indicators (energy, water, waste etc.) for comparability
– In short, BREEAM 2011 ‘adds value’ to new buildings
Minimum standards
Summary of key issues (new or updated)
– Man 01 Sustainable procurement– Man 04 Stakeholder participation– Man 05 Service life planning and costing– Ene 01 Reduction of CO2 emissions– Tra 01 Public transport accessibility– Wat 01 Water consumption– Mat 01 Life cycle impacts– Mat 03 Responsible sourcing of materials– LE 03 Mitigating ecological impact– Pol 03 Surface water run off
Management
01 Procurement
02 Responsible construction
03 Site impacts
04 Stakeholder participation
05 Life cycle costing and service life planning
83
42
5
22 credits
12%
0.55% per credit
Management
01 Procurement
04 Stakeholder participation
05 Life cycle costing and service life planning
83
4
22 credits
12%
0.55% per credit
– Project brief and design 4
– Construction and handover 2
– Aftercare 2
Man 01 Sustainable procurement
Project brief and design 1
– Whole team involved from RIBA stage B– Roles and responsibilities defined
• For Client/Building occupier/Design team/Contractor
• For Design/Construction/Commissioning and handover/Occupation phases
– Covering• End user requirements, aims of design,
occupiers budget and expertise, usability, documentation, training and aftercare
– Training for occupant/building manager– Covering
• Contents of Building User Guide• Design strategy• Installed systems• Documents• Training
BREEAM AP
– BREEAM AP 1– Appointed no later than RIBA stage C– Set targets
• Contractually agreed• Demonstrably achieved at certification
– AP monitor and report (design) +1– Attend key meetings B to E– Regular written reports of progress against
the targets
– AP monitor and report (construction) +1– Attend key meetings F to L– Regular written reports of progress against
the targets (agreed at stage C)– Achieve targets at certification
Construction and handover
– Thermographic survey 1– Main contractor accounts for this in
programme– Undertaken post construction
• By level 2 certified professional– Covering
• Insulation• Thermal bridging• Air leakage
– Defects rectified
– Commissioning 1– Team member appointed to monitor– All services and in line with best practice
guides– Covered in contract of works– Specialist agent for complex systems
After care
– Seasonal commissioning 1– Complex
• Testing • High occupancy• Interviews
– Simple• Review of thermal comfort, ventilation and lighting • 3, 6 and 9 month intervals
– Re-commissioning where needed
– Monitoring performance and after care support +1– In addition to above– Collect energy and water data– Compare and analyse– Contract for after care
– Exemplary requirements
Man 04 Stakeholder participation
– Consultation 1– All parties early, timescales, content, feedback
– Inclusive and accessible design 1– Users, access for all, shared facilities
– Building user information 1– Written guides, all functions, available
– Post Occupancy Evaluation 1– After 1 year, review, feedback, dissemination
04 Stakeholder participation
– Consultation 1– All relevant parties and bodies (see
compliance notes)• By design team• During the brief• Before key decisions made
– Timescales and methods of consultation– Content
• See manual– Feedback
• To and from all relevant parties• How consultation has influenced
development– Other
• Historic buildings• Rules for some building types
– esp Healthcare (see manual)
04 Stakeholder participation
– Inclusive and accessible design 1– Accessible to all potential users– Access statement
• In line with CABE publication• Disabled users• Different age groups, genders, ethnicity
fitness levels– Shared facilities
• Future occupants• Community groups• Controlled access
04 Stakeholder participation
– Building user information 1– Building user guides
• For all users– Covering (see manual)
• All functions and uses/Shared facilities/Site information/Local transport/Local amenities
– Post Occupancy Evaluation 1– 1 year after building occupation– Independent third party– Review
• Design and construction process• Feedback from users
– Specific topics• Sustainability performance
– Dissemination• Performance and lessons learned
05 Life cycle costing and service life planning
– Why so important?– Criteria overview
(More credits the more detailed the analysis)– LCC analysis carried out (RIBA C/D)– To a specified level of detail– Service life planningplus– More detailed LCC analysis– Lowest cost option chosenplus– LCC model updated (RIBA stage D/E)– Results implemented– LCC informs maintenance strategy
1
1
1
05 Life cycle costing and service life planning
– LCC analysis 1– Carried out– RIBA stages C/D (concept design/design
development)
– LCC analysis– In accordance with PD156865:2008– Based on proposals– 60 year study period– Real and discounted cash flow terms– Covering
• Construction• Operation• Maintenance
– Service life planning critical appraisal (ISO 15686)
05 Life cycle costing and service life planning
– Analysis to include elements of 2 or more of the following components +1– Envelope– Services– Finishes– External spaces
– Option(s) meet performance criteria and lowest discounted LCC and at least one of the following:– Lower energy consumption over life span– Reduced maintenance– Extended service lives – fewer replacements– Dismantling/reuse/recycling of building
components
05 Life cycle costing and service life planning
– Model updated at RIBA stages D/E +1– LCC study results implemented
– In specification/design /final construction
– Maintenance strategy covering– Designing out, safe/efficient operation– Removal/maintenance of major plant– landscaping
Health and Wellbeing
02 Indoor air quality
03 Thermal comfort
04 Water quality
05 Acoustic performance
06 Safety and
security
01 Visual comfort
2
2-4123-6
1-2
01 Reduction of CO2 Emissions
03 Energy efficient external lighting
02 Energy Monitoring
04 Low or zero carbon technologies
05 Energy efficient cold storage
06 Energy efficient transportation systems
07 Energy efficientLaboratories
08 Energy efficient equipment
09 Drying space
15
1-5
12
22 5
1
1-2Energy
01 Reduction of CO2 Emissions08 Energy efficient equipment 15
2
Energy
Ene 01 Reduction of CO2 emissions
– What matters regarding energy in buildings– Introducing the EPRNC ratio
– And its 3 parts
– How and why it works– Notional building comparison– Translation into the ratio– Weighting
– What information is needed / what to look for– How to assess
Introducing EPRNC Ratio - Background
– Performance expressed as a ratio (EPRNC) = BREEAM credits
– BREEAM Performance EPRNC Total = EPRNC Demand + EPRNC Consumption+ EPRNC CO2
– 3 steps to determining EPRNC– Step 1: Calculate actual performance as a proportion of notional/TER – Step 2: “Translated” in to EPRNC– Step 3: Demand/consumption/CO2 weighting applied
– Ene 01 Calculator– Does all the working out
NB 3 parameters:• Demand• Consumption• CO2More on these later
Step 1 : Calculate actual performance
– As a proportion of Notional/TER
– The answer (in this case 72%) indicates how much improvement
– It does not indicate how that level compares with the norm!
– We therefore now see how it compares with other buildings
Actual Notional
Value 32 44.4
Percentage 72 (100)
Step 2 : Translate into EPR
– Individual scores for a given building– Translated into an
EPR based on where they lie in the range of building stock
– The BREEAM Ene 01 tool automatically does the translation
Range of scores for modelled stock
Best
Average
Worst
Individual Score
EPRBell curve
Step 3 : Weighting of individual EPRNCfor each parameter
Performance indicator Weighting
Energy demand 0.28
Energy consumption 0.34
CO2 emissions 0.38
Ene 01 Reduction of CO2 emissions
Energy Performance Ratio for New Constructions (EPRNC)
Demand Consumption Emissions
• Design• Fabric• Air permeability
• Boiler type• Boiler efficiency• Distribution efficiency
• Fuel type
First Second Third
This
Influenced by
Derived from these 3 things
Priority
Calculation procedure
– NCM (national calculation method) – Approved software– Accredited Energy Assessor needed– Outputs from the NCM software– Read off the required figures
– Demand (notional and actual)– Consumption (notional and actual)– CO2 emissions (TER and BER)– Building floor area
Building Regulations Output Document
Approved building energy calculation software
SBEM or similarAll have this output
Obtained from the Accredited energy assessor
Where to find the informationPage 1
Page 4
Energy and CO2Emissions Summary
Actual Notional
Demand
Consumption
CO2 emissions
Credits available
– 1 – 15 credits available– Regulated energy only
• Heating, lighting, cooling, hot water• Covered by Building Regulations
– 1 – 5 exemplary credits available– For unregulated energy
• Appliances, cooking , lifts• Not covered by Building Regulations
Credits EPRNC
1 0.052 0.153 0.254 0.355 0.456 0.557 0.598 0.639 0.6710 0.7211 0.7512 0.7913 0.8314 0.8715 0.90
Exemplary Credits
– 5 credits for ‘carbon negative’ building– For total operational energy consumption
• Regulated and unregulated– Net exporter of carbon zero carbon energy
– 1 to 4 credits – EPRNC ≥ 0.9 + zero net carbon emissions– for increasing levels of ‘unregulated’
energy being supplied by carbon neutral on site /near site or accredited external sources• Expressed as a percentage of the ‘regulated’
operational energy consumption• See table
Innovation credits
Equivalent % criteria
4 80%
3 50%
2 20%
1 10%
Minimum standards
– Exist if going for: – Pass, excellent, outstanding and 15 credits
– Minimum standards in– Ene 01 credits and CO2 parameter
Rating/credits Minimum standards
Ene 01 credits EPR CO2
parameter
% improvement
over TER
Pass 1 0.05 - 5%Excellent 6 0.55 0.22 25%Outstanding 10 0.72 0.30 40%15 - 0.90 0.38 100%
Ene 08 Energy efficient equipment
– Energy efficient equipment 2– Unregulated energy consumption
– Assessment steps– Look at list of equipment categories
• Listed in manual– Identify which apply to your building– Determine which make up the significant
majority– Meet the compliance criteria for each
Ene 08 Energy efficient equipment
– List of categories– Small power, plug in equipment– Swimming pool– Communal laundry– Data centre– IT-intensive operating areas– Residential areas– Healthcare– Kitchen and catering
– Significant majority– No definitive calculation rule– Design team must justify their judgement– Assessor must concur
Transport
01 Public transport accessibility
02 Proximity to amenities
03 Cyclist facilities04 Maximum car parking capacity
05 Travel plan
2-5
1-21-21-2
1
Transport
01 Public transport accessibility
04 Maximum car parking capacity
2-5
1-2
Tra 01 Public transport accessibility
– Accessibility index– Calculated using BREEAM Tra 01 tool– Based on
• Distance from building to transport node• Transport type
– Bus/rail• Frequency of service
– Services per hour– Credits available varies with building type 2 - 5
How are credits awarded?
Accessibility Index ≥ 2 ≥ 4 ≥ 8 ≥ 10 ≥ 12 ≥ 18Building Type BREEAM credits availableBusiness: Offices/industrial, Multi-residential, Other building type 1
1 2 3 - - -
Pre-school, School, Sixth form 1 2 3 - - -
Retail, Law court, Further Education College, Higher Education type 1, Other building type 2
1 2 3 3 4 5
Higher Education type 2 1 2 3 4 5 -
Healthcare – Hospital (Acute, Specialist, Teaching, Mental Health)
1 2 3 3 4 5
Healthcare – GP surgery, Health Centre, Community hospital
1 2 3 4 5 -
Rural Location sensitive buildings, Other building type 3
1 2 - - - -
Compliance notes
– Other building type definitions– Higher Education
• Type 1 - Students mainly commute• Type 2 - Students mainly live on site
– Other Buildings • Type 1 – Staff only• Type 2 – Staff and many visitors• Type 3 – Rural location
– Dedicated bus service 1 (only)– Building occupier provides transfer to
• local population centre, transport interchange or door to door service
– Only if unable to achieve credits via Accessibility Index
Tra 04 Maximum car parking capacity
– Varies with building type
– Less spaces allowed for buildings with good public transport
• Tra 01 Accessibility Index used
– Criteria expressed as spaces per ‘x’ number of users– Eg 1 space for every 5 users
How to read the table
Building type
Criteria No. of C
redits
Building’s Accessibility Index< 4 ≥ 4 - < 8 ≥ 8
Max. parking capacity1 space per ‘x’ building users, where ‘x’ is;
Business –office, industrial, student residences and key worker accommodation
3 4 5 1
4 5 6 2
Find buildingtype
Find correct Accessibility Index column
Read off max. car park capacity
Example
Building type Criteria No. of C
redits
Building’s Accessibility Index< 4 ≥ 4 - < 8 ≥ 8
Max. parking capacity1 space per ‘x’ building users, where ‘x’ is;
Business –office, industrial, student residences and key worker accommodation
3 4 5 1
4 5 6 2
Office With Accessibility Index of 5
1 credit1 space for every 4 building users
2 credits1 space for every 5 building users
Varies with building type
46
Building type Criteria No. of Credits
Healthcare – Hospitals (Acute, specialist, teaching, mental health)
1 parking space for every 4 staff +1 parking space for every 4 beds+2 parking spaces for each consulting, examination, treatment, therapy room and A&E cubicle
1
– In Colleges – 1 space per 15-30 building users
– Healthcare– Different criteria– See below
Water
01 Consumption
02 Monitoring03 Leak detection and prevention
04 Water efficient equipment
5
1 2
1
Wat 01 Water consumption
– Domestic scale components only– WCs, urinals, taps, showers, baths,
dishwashers, washing machines
– Grey and rain water can offset– BREEAM Wat 01 Calculator used
– Consumption in litres/person/day– Compared with notional baseline– Produces a percentage improvement– Converts into BREEAM credits
– Assessor must report on – Total net consumption m3/person/yr
% improvement
Credits
12.5 125 240 350 455 565 Exemplary
Measuring principles
– Standard approach – Baseline comparison– Actual vs default specification– For each fitting– Building type specific
– Alternative elemental approach– When no default data exists– More later
ActualTap
BaselineTap
vs
‘x’ l/min 12 l/min
Sample component levels from Table 8-1
Component Baseline Level 1
Level 2
Level3
Level 4
Level5 Unit
WC 6 5 4.5 4 3.75 3Effective
flush volume (litres)
Wash hand basin taps 12 9 7.50 4.50 3.75 3 Volume
(litres/min)
Showers 14 10 8 6 4 3.50 Volume (litres/min)
Baths 200 180 160 140 120 100 Volume (litres)
Rules for grey and rainwater water
– Designed to meet– BS 8525 (grey water), BS 8515 (rain water)
– Minimum component efficiency – Reduce demand first before off-setting
• Similar to Ene 01 principles– Must get 2 credits (component efficiency)– If going for 4 credits or more
– Grey and rainwater yield to meet– Domestic scale components (priority)– Intrinsic building demands (also acceptable)
• Eg a hotel laundry
– Other permissible sources of grey water– Sources other than domestic scale appliances
which are intrinsic to building use• Eg Wastewater from hygiene flushing
Alternative ‘elemental’ approach
– For cases where Wat 1 calculation methodology not appropriate:– Where usage patterns/building types are not available– Where those used in the methodology are not appropriate– Not possible therefore to compare % improvement over
baseline building
– Elemental approach:– Compares component specification with minimum levels of
performance– Table 8-1 used to determine component level (1 to 5)– Levels are entered into Wat 1 tool– Levels are ‘weighted’ to reflect in-use consumption– See calculation procedures
Materials
01 Life Cycle Impacts
02 Hard landscaping and ….boundary protection
03 Responsible sourcing of materials
04 Insulation
05 Designing for robustness
2-6
13
2
1
Materials
01 Life Cycle Impacts
03 Responsible sourcing of materials
2-6
3
Mat 01 Life Cycle Impacts
2 approaches:– Generic
– via Green Guide to Specification
– More detailed – via EPDs (Environmental Product Declarations)– Individual products assessed– Higher scores possible
Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs)
– Suppliers are encouraged and rewarded to have specific product ratings undertaken – More accurate evaluation on their product– Identify where improvements possible– Demonstrate excellence
– Points uplift available for EPDs based on– Proportion of materials in the element with EPDs– Existing generic GG rating– The type of EPD
– Details can be found in the additional information for this issue. (tables 9.3 and 9.4)
– Calculator tool does all working
EPD Certificates
– Is for a particular material/product– Green guide rating provided
– For that material placed in a specification• Eg a brick within an external wall
– If your specification differs– Bespoke Green Guide query form to BRE
Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions
– Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions must also be reported– Based on 60 year life of building– kgCO2 eq– From
• online Green Guide• EPD – in certificate appendix
Which tier for each source?
Scheme Certification level/scope
Tier level Points
Currently vacant 1 4.0
BRE Global, BES6001 Product certification1
Excellent 2 3.5
Very Good 3 3.0
Good 4 2.5
Pass 5 2.0
EMS (certified)Key process and
supply chain extraction process4
6 1.5
EMS (certified) Key process 7 1.0
Green Dragon Environmental Standard Level 4 and above 7 1.0
Recycled materials Certified EMS for key process 6 1.5
Re-used materials - 3 3.0
Table 10-2 in the manual (sample only)
Timber tiers
Scheme Certification level/scope
Tier level Points
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Chain of custody certification 3 3.0
Green Dragon Environmental Standard Level 4 and above 7 1.0
Recycled materials Certified EMS for key process 6 1.5
Re-used materials - 3 3.0Malaysian Timber Certification Council (MTCC)
Chain of custody certification 6 1.5
Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC)
Chain of custody certification 3 3.0
Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) Chain of custody certification 3 3.0
Société Générale de Surveillance's (SGS) Timber Legality & Traceability Verification 6 1.5
Rainforest Alliance's 'Verification of Legal Origin and Compliance' scheme
Verification of Legal Origin and Compliance 6 1.5
Table 10-2 in the manual (sample only)
Waste
02 Recycled aggregates 03 Operational waste
04 Speculative floor and ceiling finishes
01 Construction waste management
1 1
14
Land Use and Ecology
02 Ecological value of site and protectionof ecological features 03 Mitigating
ecological impact
04 Enhancing siteecology
01 Site selection 05 Long term impacton biodiversity
21
2
3
2-3
Land Use and Ecology
03 Mitigating ecological impact
2
03 Mitigating ecological impact
– Change in ecological value– ‘Before and after’
– Average total taxon– Plant species richness– Based on
• Countryside Survey data• Broad habitat types
– Areas (m2) required– LE03/04 calculator used– Calculated by
• SQE• Assessor
Change in ecological value (x)
Credits
- 9 ≤ x < 0 1
x ≥ 0 2
Broad habitat types Table 11-3
Broad habitat type TaxonAcid Grassland 19.58Arable and Horticultural Land 10.25Boundary and Linear Features 15.42Bracken 19.29Built-up (buildings and infrastructure)3 -Calcareous Grassland 43.02Coniferous Woodland 14.05Derelict land3 -Gardens, allotments and urban parkland3 19.99Dwarf Shrub Heath 15.87Improved Grassland 14.28Inland Rock 16.74Mixed, Broadleaved and Yew Woodland 20.91Neutral Grassland 20.44
Which type?
– Assessors can refer to descriptions
Habitat type Description
Arable and Horticultural
Includes all arable crops such as different types of cereal and vegetable crops, together with orchards and more
specialist operations such as market gardening and commercial flower growing. Freshly ploughed land, fallow areas, short-term set-aside and annual grass leys are also
included in this category.
BrackenStands of vegetation greater than 0.25 ha in extent which are
dominated by a continuous canopy cover (>95% cover) of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) at the height of the growing
season.
Derelict land
– Taxon depends on how long been derelict
Habitattype
Previously Undeveloped
Land
Previously Developed Land
(Time period that the site has been unoccupied / unmaintained and therefore derelict)
<5 Years 5-10 Years 10 - 20 Years
20 - 30+ Years
Average Total Taxon (plant species) Richness
Acid Grassland 19.58 0 5.87 14.69 19.58
Calcareous Grassland 43.02 0 12.91 32.27 43.02
Pollution
Pol 01 – Impact of Refrigerants
Pol 02 – NOxEmissions Pol 03 – Surface
Water Run-off
Pol 04 – Reduction of night time light pollution
Pol 05 – Noise attenuation
3
1-3 5 1
1
Pollution
Pol 01 – Impact of Refrigerants
3
Pol 03 – Surface Water Run-off
5
D irect E ffect L ife C ycle C O 2 equivalent emissions (DELC CO2e) – Pol 01• Measure of the global warming effect over the
lifetime of the equipment (e.g. Air conditioning unit)
• Takes into account:• GWP • Amount of charge • Cooling capacity• Sectoral release factors:
• Annual leakage rates/release factors, probability of failure and recovery efficiency
• Units kgCO2e/kW• Calculated using BREEAM Pol 01 calculator• Figures obtained from design team/manufacturer
Pol 03 – Surface water run-off
– Flood risk 2
– Surface water run-off 2
– Minimising water course pollution 1
Pol 03 – Surface water run-off
– Surface water run-off 2
Surface water run-off 2
– Aim
Assessor role– Not expected to know every detail of this– Assessor needs basic understanding of
principles only– Consultant appointed
– Demonstrate compliance– Provide calculations
Assessor
Summary of requirements
Requirement Credits
Consultant appointed Pre-requisite
Peak rate of run off no greater 1
No flooding for a local drainage system failure
1Volume of run off no greater(two options)
Principles of Surface water run-off
RAIN
Stream or sewer
Infiltration
Surface water run off
Green field site /pervious ground
This is our concern
Stream or sewer
Infiltration
No infiltration
Surface water run off – now greater as rain hitting housecannot infiltrate
RAIN
Green field site /pervious ground
Stream or sewer
Soakaway
Water goes here instead of running off
Run off is reduced to pre development level
PermeablePaving
Stream or sewerWater goes here instead of running off
Run off is reduced to pre development level
SuDS Techniques to encourage holistic thought process– Source control (where the rain falls)
– Soakaways– Porous/permeable paving– Roof water directed to garden– Rainwater harvesting– Green roofs– Small swales and ponds– Underground attenuation storage
– Site control (where the rain runs to)– Swales– Infiltration/detention basins– Larger soakaways
– Regional control– Balancing ponds and wetlands
Criteria
– Appropriate consultant appointed– Qualifications and experience– Designing SUDS/flood prevention measures– Peak rate/volume run-off calculations– Specialist hydrological engineer if complex
calculations and measures required
– Peak rate of run-off– No greater for developed site than was for pre-
developed site– For 1 and 100 year return period events– Drainage measure specified– Calculations as per best practice
Pre-requisite
1
Criteria
– No flooding in event of local drainage system failure– Volume of run-off no greater post development than for
pre developed site
1
Option 1 Option 2Justification from consultant that Option 1 not possible
Additional volume prevented from leaving site
Post development run off reduced to limiting discharge
For 100 year 6 hour event Limiting discharge = greatest of:• Pre-development 1 year peak flow rate• Mean annual flow rate Qbar• 2l/s/ha
Infiltration or non ‘holding back’ SUDS solutions
Any solution
Unacceptable solutions for option 1
– Source control (where the rain falls)– Soakaways– Porous/permeable paving– Roof water directed to garden– Rainwater harvesting– Green roofs– Small swales and ponds– Underground attenuation storage
– Site control (where the rain runs to)– Swales (in some cases)– Infiltration/detention basins– Larger soakaways
– Regional control– Balancing ponds and wetlands
Anything that holds water back will not comply with option 1egHolding pondsOversized pipes with hydro-break
Compliance notes
– Sites with many buildings– Calculating peak run off
– Key publications– Not assessor
– No change in impermeable area– Limiting discharge no lower than 5 l/s
– Avoids blockages
– Rainwater harvesting– Code of Practice
Additional information
– Calculating Peak rate of run-off– Different methods for
• Greenfield sites of differing sizes• Brownfield sites
– Limiting discharge and volume attenuation
Other stuff to look out for
– Man 03 Construction site impacts: re-defined criteria– Hea 02 Indoor air quality: additional credit, criteria and
reporting requirements– Hea 03 Thermal comfort: New criteria and reporting
requirements (TOR)– Wst 01 Construction waste management: updated
benchmarks– LE 02 Ecological value of site: New checklist and data– New exemplary levels of performance: Energy,
responsible sourcing, water consumption, sustainable procurement, LZC, construction waste
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