2011 technical changes - bre · 05 life cycle costing and service life planning – analysis to...

Part of the BRE Trust

2011 Technical changesPaul Thistlethwaite

BREEAM 2011

– Consolidation– 1 assessment

manual– Most building

types

– 49 issues across 9 categories

– Criteria still accounts for:– building type– occupancy– usage differences

Benefits

– An updated, world leading environmental performance standard for new buildings

– Maintains a robust yet flexible and low-cost approach to setting, measuring and monitoring building performance targets

– Aligns with and compliments existing, new and emerging standards and practices

– Provides a structure that encourages and supports the defining and delivery of zero carbon buildings

Benefits continued

– Facilitates delivery of ‘whole-life’ building benefits at the design and construction stage for no additional cost

– Provides a barometer of building performance against industry average/standard practice

– Source of key performance indicators (energy, water, waste etc.) for comparability

– In short, BREEAM 2011 ‘adds value’ to new buildings

Minimum standards

Summary of key issues (new or updated)

– Man 01 Sustainable procurement– Man 04 Stakeholder participation– Man 05 Service life planning and costing– Ene 01 Reduction of CO2 emissions– Tra 01 Public transport accessibility– Wat 01 Water consumption– Mat 01 Life cycle impacts– Mat 03 Responsible sourcing of materials– LE 03 Mitigating ecological impact– Pol 03 Surface water run off

Management

01 Procurement

02 Responsible construction

03 Site impacts

04 Stakeholder participation

05 Life cycle costing and service life planning

83

42

5

22 credits

12%

0.55% per credit

Management

01 Procurement



83

4

22 credits

12%

0.55% per credit

– Project brief and design 4

– Construction and handover 2

– Aftercare 2

Man 01 Sustainable procurement

Project brief and design 1

– Whole team involved from RIBA stage B– Roles and responsibilities defined

• For Client/Building occupier/Design team/Contractor

• For Design/Construction/Commissioning and handover/Occupation phases

– Covering• End user requirements, aims of design,

occupiers budget and expertise, usability, documentation, training and aftercare

– Training for occupant/building manager– Covering

• Contents of Building User Guide• Design strategy• Installed systems• Documents• Training

BREEAM AP

– BREEAM AP 1– Appointed no later than RIBA stage C– Set targets

• Contractually agreed• Demonstrably achieved at certification

– AP monitor and report (design) +1– Attend key meetings B to E– Regular written reports of progress against

the targets

– AP monitor and report (construction) +1– Attend key meetings F to L– Regular written reports of progress against

the targets (agreed at stage C)– Achieve targets at certification

Construction and handover

– Thermographic survey 1– Main contractor accounts for this in

programme– Undertaken post construction

• By level 2 certified professional– Covering

• Insulation• Thermal bridging• Air leakage

– Defects rectified

– Commissioning 1– Team member appointed to monitor– All services and in line with best practice

guides– Covered in contract of works– Specialist agent for complex systems

After care

– Seasonal commissioning 1– Complex

• Testing • High occupancy• Interviews

– Simple• Review of thermal comfort, ventilation and lighting • 3, 6 and 9 month intervals

– Re-commissioning where needed

– Monitoring performance and after care support +1– In addition to above– Collect energy and water data– Compare and analyse– Contract for after care

– Exemplary requirements

Man 04 Stakeholder participation

– Consultation 1– All parties early, timescales, content, feedback

– Inclusive and accessible design 1– Users, access for all, shared facilities

– Building user information 1– Written guides, all functions, available

– Post Occupancy Evaluation 1– After 1 year, review, feedback, dissemination


– Consultation 1– All relevant parties and bodies (see

compliance notes)• By design team• During the brief• Before key decisions made

– Timescales and methods of consultation– Content

• See manual– Feedback

• To and from all relevant parties• How consultation has influenced

development– Other

• Historic buildings• Rules for some building types

– esp Healthcare (see manual)


– Inclusive and accessible design 1– Accessible to all potential users– Access statement

• In line with CABE publication• Disabled users• Different age groups, genders, ethnicity

fitness levels– Shared facilities

• Future occupants• Community groups• Controlled access


– Building user information 1– Building user guides

• For all users– Covering (see manual)

• All functions and uses/Shared facilities/Site information/Local transport/Local amenities

– Post Occupancy Evaluation 1– 1 year after building occupation– Independent third party– Review

• Design and construction process• Feedback from users

– Specific topics• Sustainability performance

– Dissemination• Performance and lessons learned


– Why so important?– Criteria overview

(More credits the more detailed the analysis)– LCC analysis carried out (RIBA C/D)– To a specified level of detail– Service life planningplus– More detailed LCC analysis– Lowest cost option chosenplus– LCC model updated (RIBA stage D/E)– Results implemented– LCC informs maintenance strategy

1

1

1


– LCC analysis 1– Carried out– RIBA stages C/D (concept design/design

development)

– LCC analysis– In accordance with PD156865:2008– Based on proposals– 60 year study period– Real and discounted cash flow terms– Covering

• Construction• Operation• Maintenance

– Service life planning critical appraisal (ISO 15686)


– Analysis to include elements of 2 or more of the following components +1– Envelope– Services– Finishes– External spaces

– Option(s) meet performance criteria and lowest discounted LCC and at least one of the following:– Lower energy consumption over life span– Reduced maintenance– Extended service lives – fewer replacements– Dismantling/reuse/recycling of building

components


– Model updated at RIBA stages D/E +1– LCC study results implemented

– In specification/design /final construction

– Maintenance strategy covering– Designing out, safe/efficient operation– Removal/maintenance of major plant– landscaping

Health and Wellbeing

02 Indoor air quality

03 Thermal comfort

04 Water quality

05 Acoustic performance

06 Safety and

security

01 Visual comfort

2

2-4123-6

1-2

01 Reduction of CO2 Emissions

03 Energy efficient external lighting

02 Energy Monitoring

04 Low or zero carbon technologies

05 Energy efficient cold storage

06 Energy efficient transportation systems

07 Energy efficientLaboratories

08 Energy efficient equipment

09 Drying space

15

1-5

12

22 5

1

1-2Energy

01 Reduction of CO2 Emissions08 Energy efficient equipment 15

2

Energy

Ene 01 Reduction of CO2 emissions

– What matters regarding energy in buildings– Introducing the EPRNC ratio

– And its 3 parts

– How and why it works– Notional building comparison– Translation into the ratio– Weighting

– What information is needed / what to look for– How to assess

Introducing EPRNC Ratio - Background

– Performance expressed as a ratio (EPRNC) = BREEAM credits

– BREEAM Performance EPRNC Total = EPRNC Demand + EPRNC Consumption+ EPRNC CO2

– 3 steps to determining EPRNC– Step 1: Calculate actual performance as a proportion of notional/TER – Step 2: “Translated” in to EPRNC– Step 3: Demand/consumption/CO2 weighting applied

– Ene 01 Calculator– Does all the working out

NB 3 parameters:• Demand• Consumption• CO2More on these later

Step 1 : Calculate actual performance

– As a proportion of Notional/TER

– The answer (in this case 72%) indicates how much improvement

– It does not indicate how that level compares with the norm!

– We therefore now see how it compares with other buildings

Actual Notional

Value 32 44.4

Percentage 72 (100)

Step 2 : Translate into EPR

– Individual scores for a given building– Translated into an

EPR based on where they lie in the range of building stock

– The BREEAM Ene 01 tool automatically does the translation

Range of scores for modelled stock

Best

Average

Worst

Individual Score

EPRBell curve

Step 3 : Weighting of individual EPRNCfor each parameter

Performance indicator Weighting

Energy demand 0.28

Energy consumption 0.34

CO2 emissions 0.38

Ene 01 Reduction of CO2 emissions

Energy Performance Ratio for New Constructions (EPRNC)

Demand Consumption Emissions

• Design• Fabric• Air permeability

• Boiler type• Boiler efficiency• Distribution efficiency

• Fuel type

First Second Third

This

Influenced by

Derived from these 3 things

Priority

Calculation procedure

– NCM (national calculation method) – Approved software– Accredited Energy Assessor needed– Outputs from the NCM software– Read off the required figures

– Demand (notional and actual)– Consumption (notional and actual)– CO2 emissions (TER and BER)– Building floor area

Building Regulations Output Document

Approved building energy calculation software

SBEM or similarAll have this output

Obtained from the Accredited energy assessor

Where to find the informationPage 1

Page 4

Energy and CO2Emissions Summary

Actual Notional

Demand

Consumption

CO2 emissions

Credits available

– 1 – 15 credits available– Regulated energy only

• Heating, lighting, cooling, hot water• Covered by Building Regulations

– 1 – 5 exemplary credits available– For unregulated energy

• Appliances, cooking , lifts• Not covered by Building Regulations

Credits EPRNC

1 0.052 0.153 0.254 0.355 0.456 0.557 0.598 0.639 0.6710 0.7211 0.7512 0.7913 0.8314 0.8715 0.90

Exemplary Credits

– 5 credits for ‘carbon negative’ building– For total operational energy consumption

• Regulated and unregulated– Net exporter of carbon zero carbon energy

– 1 to 4 credits – EPRNC ≥ 0.9 + zero net carbon emissions– for increasing levels of ‘unregulated’

energy being supplied by carbon neutral on site /near site or accredited external sources• Expressed as a percentage of the ‘regulated’

operational energy consumption• See table

Innovation credits

Equivalent % criteria

4 80%

3 50%

2 20%

1 10%

Minimum standards

– Exist if going for: – Pass, excellent, outstanding and 15 credits

– Minimum standards in– Ene 01 credits and CO2 parameter

Rating/credits Minimum standards

Ene 01 credits EPR CO2

parameter

% improvement

over TER

Pass 1 0.05 - 5%Excellent 6 0.55 0.22 25%Outstanding 10 0.72 0.30 40%15 - 0.90 0.38 100%

Ene 08 Energy efficient equipment

– Energy efficient equipment 2– Unregulated energy consumption

– Assessment steps– Look at list of equipment categories

• Listed in manual– Identify which apply to your building– Determine which make up the significant

majority– Meet the compliance criteria for each

Ene 08 Energy efficient equipment

– List of categories– Small power, plug in equipment– Swimming pool– Communal laundry– Data centre– IT-intensive operating areas– Residential areas– Healthcare– Kitchen and catering

– Significant majority– No definitive calculation rule– Design team must justify their judgement– Assessor must concur

Transport

01 Public transport accessibility

02 Proximity to amenities

03 Cyclist facilities04 Maximum car parking capacity

05 Travel plan

2-5

1-21-21-2

1

Transport

01 Public transport accessibility

04 Maximum car parking capacity

2-5

1-2

Tra 01 Public transport accessibility

– Accessibility index– Calculated using BREEAM Tra 01 tool– Based on

• Distance from building to transport node• Transport type

– Bus/rail• Frequency of service

– Services per hour– Credits available varies with building type 2 - 5

How are credits awarded?

Accessibility Index ≥ 2 ≥ 4 ≥ 8 ≥ 10 ≥ 12 ≥ 18Building Type BREEAM credits availableBusiness: Offices/industrial, Multi-residential, Other building type 1

1 2 3 - - -

Pre-school, School, Sixth form 1 2 3 - - -

Retail, Law court, Further Education College, Higher Education type 1, Other building type 2

1 2 3 3 4 5

Higher Education type 2 1 2 3 4 5 -

Healthcare – Hospital (Acute, Specialist, Teaching, Mental Health)

1 2 3 3 4 5

Healthcare – GP surgery, Health Centre, Community hospital

1 2 3 4 5 -

Rural Location sensitive buildings, Other building type 3

1 2 - - - -

Compliance notes

– Other building type definitions– Higher Education

• Type 1 - Students mainly commute• Type 2 - Students mainly live on site

– Other Buildings • Type 1 – Staff only• Type 2 – Staff and many visitors• Type 3 – Rural location

– Dedicated bus service 1 (only)– Building occupier provides transfer to

• local population centre, transport interchange or door to door service

– Only if unable to achieve credits via Accessibility Index

Tra 04 Maximum car parking capacity

– Varies with building type

– Less spaces allowed for buildings with good public transport

• Tra 01 Accessibility Index used

– Criteria expressed as spaces per ‘x’ number of users– Eg 1 space for every 5 users

How to read the table

Building type

Criteria No. of C

redits

Building’s Accessibility Index< 4 ≥ 4 - < 8 ≥ 8

Max. parking capacity1 space per ‘x’ building users, where ‘x’ is;

Business –office, industrial, student residences and key worker accommodation

3 4 5 1

4 5 6 2

Find buildingtype

Find correct Accessibility Index column

Read off max. car park capacity

Example

Building type Criteria No. of C

redits

Building’s Accessibility Index< 4 ≥ 4 - < 8 ≥ 8

Max. parking capacity1 space per ‘x’ building users, where ‘x’ is;

Business –office, industrial, student residences and key worker accommodation

3 4 5 1

4 5 6 2

Office With Accessibility Index of 5

1 credit1 space for every 4 building users

2 credits1 space for every 5 building users

Varies with building type

46

Building type Criteria No. of Credits

Healthcare – Hospitals (Acute, specialist, teaching, mental health)

1 parking space for every 4 staff +1 parking space for every 4 beds+2 parking spaces for each consulting, examination, treatment, therapy room and A&E cubicle

1

– In Colleges – 1 space per 15-30 building users

– Healthcare– Different criteria– See below

Water

01 Consumption

02 Monitoring03 Leak detection and prevention

04 Water efficient equipment

5

1 2

1

Wat 01 Water consumption

– Domestic scale components only– WCs, urinals, taps, showers, baths,

dishwashers, washing machines

– Grey and rain water can offset– BREEAM Wat 01 Calculator used

– Consumption in litres/person/day– Compared with notional baseline– Produces a percentage improvement– Converts into BREEAM credits

– Assessor must report on – Total net consumption m3/person/yr

% improvement

Credits

12.5 125 240 350 455 565 Exemplary

Measuring principles

– Standard approach – Baseline comparison– Actual vs default specification– For each fitting– Building type specific

– Alternative elemental approach– When no default data exists– More later

ActualTap

BaselineTap

vs

‘x’ l/min 12 l/min

Sample component levels from Table 8-1

Component Baseline Level 1

Level 2

Level3

Level 4

Level5 Unit

WC 6 5 4.5 4 3.75 3Effective

flush volume (litres)

Wash hand basin taps 12 9 7.50 4.50 3.75 3 Volume

(litres/min)

Showers 14 10 8 6 4 3.50 Volume (litres/min)

Baths 200 180 160 140 120 100 Volume (litres)

Rules for grey and rainwater water

– Designed to meet– BS 8525 (grey water), BS 8515 (rain water)

– Minimum component efficiency – Reduce demand first before off-setting

• Similar to Ene 01 principles– Must get 2 credits (component efficiency)– If going for 4 credits or more

– Grey and rainwater yield to meet– Domestic scale components (priority)– Intrinsic building demands (also acceptable)

• Eg a hotel laundry

– Other permissible sources of grey water– Sources other than domestic scale appliances

which are intrinsic to building use• Eg Wastewater from hygiene flushing

Alternative ‘elemental’ approach

– For cases where Wat 1 calculation methodology not appropriate:– Where usage patterns/building types are not available– Where those used in the methodology are not appropriate– Not possible therefore to compare % improvement over

baseline building

– Elemental approach:– Compares component specification with minimum levels of

performance– Table 8-1 used to determine component level (1 to 5)– Levels are entered into Wat 1 tool– Levels are ‘weighted’ to reflect in-use consumption– See calculation procedures

Materials

01 Life Cycle Impacts

02 Hard landscaping and ….boundary protection

03 Responsible sourcing of materials

04 Insulation

05 Designing for robustness

2-6

13

2

1

Materials

01 Life Cycle Impacts

03 Responsible sourcing of materials

2-6

3

Mat 01 Life Cycle Impacts

2 approaches:– Generic

– via Green Guide to Specification

– More detailed – via EPDs (Environmental Product Declarations)– Individual products assessed– Higher scores possible

Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs)

– Suppliers are encouraged and rewarded to have specific product ratings undertaken – More accurate evaluation on their product– Identify where improvements possible– Demonstrate excellence

– Points uplift available for EPDs based on– Proportion of materials in the element with EPDs– Existing generic GG rating– The type of EPD

– Details can be found in the additional information for this issue. (tables 9.3 and 9.4)

– Calculator tool does all working

EPD Certificates

– Is for a particular material/product– Green guide rating provided

– For that material placed in a specification• Eg a brick within an external wall

– If your specification differs– Bespoke Green Guide query form to BRE

Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions

– Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions must also be reported– Based on 60 year life of building– kgCO2 eq– From

• online Green Guide• EPD – in certificate appendix

Which tier for each source?

Scheme Certification level/scope

Tier level Points

Currently vacant 1 4.0

BRE Global, BES6001 Product certification1

Excellent 2 3.5

Very Good 3 3.0

Good 4 2.5

Pass 5 2.0

EMS (certified)Key process and

supply chain extraction process4

6 1.5

EMS (certified) Key process 7 1.0

Green Dragon Environmental Standard Level 4 and above 7 1.0

Recycled materials Certified EMS for key process 6 1.5

Re-used materials - 3 3.0

Table 10-2 in the manual (sample only)

Timber tiers

Scheme Certification level/scope

Tier level Points

Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Chain of custody certification 3 3.0

Green Dragon Environmental Standard Level 4 and above 7 1.0

Recycled materials Certified EMS for key process 6 1.5

Re-used materials - 3 3.0Malaysian Timber Certification Council (MTCC)

Chain of custody certification 6 1.5

Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC)

Chain of custody certification 3 3.0

Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) Chain of custody certification 3 3.0

Société Générale de Surveillance's (SGS) Timber Legality & Traceability Verification 6 1.5

Rainforest Alliance's 'Verification of Legal Origin and Compliance' scheme

Verification of Legal Origin and Compliance 6 1.5

Table 10-2 in the manual (sample only)

Waste

02 Recycled aggregates 03 Operational waste

04 Speculative floor and ceiling finishes

01 Construction waste management

1 1

14

Land Use and Ecology

02 Ecological value of site and protectionof ecological features 03 Mitigating

ecological impact

04 Enhancing siteecology

01 Site selection 05 Long term impacton biodiversity

21

2

3

2-3

Land Use and Ecology

03 Mitigating ecological impact

2

03 Mitigating ecological impact

– Change in ecological value– ‘Before and after’

– Average total taxon– Plant species richness– Based on

• Countryside Survey data• Broad habitat types

– Areas (m2) required– LE03/04 calculator used– Calculated by

• SQE• Assessor

Change in ecological value (x)

Credits

- 9 ≤ x < 0 1

x ≥ 0 2

Broad habitat types Table 11-3

Broad habitat type TaxonAcid Grassland 19.58Arable and Horticultural Land 10.25Boundary and Linear Features 15.42Bracken 19.29Built-up (buildings and infrastructure)3 -Calcareous Grassland 43.02Coniferous Woodland 14.05Derelict land3 -Gardens, allotments and urban parkland3 19.99Dwarf Shrub Heath 15.87Improved Grassland 14.28Inland Rock 16.74Mixed, Broadleaved and Yew Woodland 20.91Neutral Grassland 20.44

Which type?

– Assessors can refer to descriptions

Habitat type Description

Arable and Horticultural

Includes all arable crops such as different types of cereal and vegetable crops, together with orchards and more

specialist operations such as market gardening and commercial flower growing. Freshly ploughed land, fallow areas, short-term set-aside and annual grass leys are also

included in this category.

BrackenStands of vegetation greater than 0.25 ha in extent which are

dominated by a continuous canopy cover (>95% cover) of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) at the height of the growing

season.

Derelict land

– Taxon depends on how long been derelict

Habitattype

Previously Undeveloped

Land

Previously Developed Land

(Time period that the site has been unoccupied / unmaintained and therefore derelict)

<5 Years 5-10 Years 10 - 20 Years

20 - 30+ Years

Average Total Taxon (plant species) Richness

Acid Grassland 19.58 0 5.87 14.69 19.58

Calcareous Grassland 43.02 0 12.91 32.27 43.02

Pollution

Pol 01 – Impact of Refrigerants

Pol 02 – NOxEmissions Pol 03 – Surface

Water Run-off

Pol 04 – Reduction of night time light pollution

Pol 05 – Noise attenuation

3

1-3 5 1

1

Pollution

Pol 01 – Impact of Refrigerants

3

Pol 03 – Surface Water Run-off

5

D irect E ffect L ife C ycle C O 2 equivalent emissions (DELC CO2e) – Pol 01• Measure of the global warming effect over the

lifetime of the equipment (e.g. Air conditioning unit)

• Takes into account:• GWP • Amount of charge • Cooling capacity• Sectoral release factors:

• Annual leakage rates/release factors, probability of failure and recovery efficiency

• Units kgCO2e/kW• Calculated using BREEAM Pol 01 calculator• Figures obtained from design team/manufacturer

Pol 03 – Surface water run-off

– Flood risk 2

– Surface water run-off 2

– Minimising water course pollution 1

Pol 03 – Surface water run-off

– Surface water run-off 2

Surface water run-off 2

– Aim

Assessor role– Not expected to know every detail of this– Assessor needs basic understanding of

principles only– Consultant appointed

– Demonstrate compliance– Provide calculations

Assessor

Summary of requirements

Requirement Credits

Consultant appointed Pre-requisite

Peak rate of run off no greater 1

No flooding for a local drainage system failure

1Volume of run off no greater(two options)

Principles of Surface water run-off

RAIN

Stream or sewer

Infiltration

Surface water run off

Green field site /pervious ground

This is our concern

Stream or sewer

Infiltration

No infiltration

Surface water run off – now greater as rain hitting housecannot infiltrate

RAIN

Green field site /pervious ground

Stream or sewer

Soakaway

Water goes here instead of running off

Run off is reduced to pre development level

PermeablePaving

Stream or sewerWater goes here instead of running off

Run off is reduced to pre development level

SuDS Techniques to encourage holistic thought process– Source control (where the rain falls)

– Soakaways– Porous/permeable paving– Roof water directed to garden– Rainwater harvesting– Green roofs– Small swales and ponds– Underground attenuation storage

– Site control (where the rain runs to)– Swales– Infiltration/detention basins– Larger soakaways

– Regional control– Balancing ponds and wetlands

Criteria

– Appropriate consultant appointed– Qualifications and experience– Designing SUDS/flood prevention measures– Peak rate/volume run-off calculations– Specialist hydrological engineer if complex

calculations and measures required

– Peak rate of run-off– No greater for developed site than was for pre-

developed site– For 1 and 100 year return period events– Drainage measure specified– Calculations as per best practice

Pre-requisite

1

Criteria

– No flooding in event of local drainage system failure– Volume of run-off no greater post development than for

pre developed site

1

Option 1 Option 2Justification from consultant that Option 1 not possible

Additional volume prevented from leaving site

Post development run off reduced to limiting discharge

For 100 year 6 hour event Limiting discharge = greatest of:• Pre-development 1 year peak flow rate• Mean annual flow rate Qbar• 2l/s/ha

Infiltration or non ‘holding back’ SUDS solutions

Any solution

Unacceptable solutions for option 1

– Source control (where the rain falls)– Soakaways– Porous/permeable paving– Roof water directed to garden– Rainwater harvesting– Green roofs– Small swales and ponds– Underground attenuation storage

– Site control (where the rain runs to)– Swales (in some cases)– Infiltration/detention basins– Larger soakaways

– Regional control– Balancing ponds and wetlands

Anything that holds water back will not comply with option 1egHolding pondsOversized pipes with hydro-break

Compliance notes

– Sites with many buildings– Calculating peak run off

– Key publications– Not assessor

– No change in impermeable area– Limiting discharge no lower than 5 l/s

– Avoids blockages

– Rainwater harvesting– Code of Practice

Additional information

– Calculating Peak rate of run-off– Different methods for

• Greenfield sites of differing sizes• Brownfield sites

– Limiting discharge and volume attenuation

Other stuff to look out for

– Man 03 Construction site impacts: re-defined criteria– Hea 02 Indoor air quality: additional credit, criteria and

reporting requirements– Hea 03 Thermal comfort: New criteria and reporting

requirements (TOR)– Wst 01 Construction waste management: updated

benchmarks– LE 02 Ecological value of site: New checklist and data– New exemplary levels of performance: Energy,

responsible sourcing, water consumption, sustainable procurement, LZC, construction waste