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Molecular Genetics Evolution

Labs6-8

List the pyrimidines and purines and their characteristics.

pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine [single ringed]

Purines are adenine and guanine [double ring]

In what direction is DNA read? Replicated?

it is read 3’ to 5’ and replicates 5’ to 3’

What is the homeobox?

180 nucleotide sequence within homeotic gene encoding part of a

protein that binds to DNA of genes and regulates the protein.

Which part of DNA is kept after splicing?

Exons

What is ubiquitin?

it is a molecule that attaches to a selected protein to be degraded by a

proteasome.

The total aggregate of genes in a population at any one time

www.accessexcellence.org

What is a Gene Pool?

The 5 causes of this are genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, nonrandom

mating, and natural selection

www.pbs.org

What is microevolution?

This occurs when gene flow is interrupted when a population is

divided into geographically isolate subpopulations

evolution.berkeley.edu

What is Allopatric Speciation?

The quest for the simplest explanation for an observed

phenomenon

What is Parsimony?

The same skeletal elements which are anatomical signs of evolution

Homologous Structures

What is the purpose of the GFP in bacterial transformation?

To identify successful transformation and create a

“glowing” protein to be expressed as a result of plasmid uptake

How does the DNA move through the gel plates and how are they

represented?

The longer DNA fragments remain at the negative end of the plate

because they are too large to move further down the plate. The smaller DNA fragments move more freely

towards the positive end of the plate because they contain less base pairs.

what are the five conditions needed to maintain Hardy Weinberg

equilibrium?

No genetic driftNo gene flow

Large populationNo mutation

Random mating

what are the two Hardy Weinberg equations and what do the p and the

q represent?

P+q=1 shows the allele frequenciesp2+2pq+q2 shows the genotypic

frequenciesP is the dominant Q is the recessive

An investigator observes that when pure breeding, long-wing Drosophila are mated with pure breeding,

short wing flies, the F1 offspring have an intermediate wing length. When several intermediate

wing length flies are allowed to interbreed the following results are obtained:

230 long wings510 intermediate length wings

260 short wings

Determine the mode of inheritance and calculate the Chi-Square to test your hypothesis.

Autosomal recessive with incomplete dominance

Chi-Square = 2.22 degrees of freedom at 0.05 probabilty = Accept

Pheno # O # E (O-E) (O-E)^2 (o-e)^2/e

Long 230 250 20 400 1.6

Int 510 500 10 100 0.2

Short 260 250 10 100 0.4