2. palitha ranadewa - potential to access carbon markets through biogas & bio-slurry in gms
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7/30/2019 2. Palitha Ranadewa - Potential to Access Carbon Markets Through Biogas & Bio-slurry in GMS
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The potential to access carbon markets through
biogas projects in the Greater Mekong Sub-region:
Case studies and training needs
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Study Objectives
1. To examine the level of understanding amongbiogas producers, farmers and relevantorganizations on the economic, social andenvironmental benefits of biogas, bioslurry andbioslurry compost activities; and
2. To understand the current status and potential of
biogas, bioslurry and bioslurry compost productionin the GMS region and how these activities can beleveraged to access carbon financing.
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Methodology
Desk research
Field visits (Lao PDR - Vientiane
Province; Sikhaod, Xaythany, Naxaythong,Pak Gneun and Hadxayphong) and Thailand
Tamboon Prasak Muang district of Lamphun
Province) visited 40 biogasproducers and 40
farmers not producing biogas
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1. Potential production of biogas, bio slurry and bio
slurry compost in GMS
2. Potential to access the carbon market
3. Status of bio gas production and bio slurry
applications
4. Level of awareness among stake holders; especiallybio gas producers and potential users
5. Training needs
Categories of findings
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Scenario 1 at 100 percent TP
Scenario 2 at 75 percent TP
Scenario 3 at 50 percent TP
TP = Theoretical Potential
Potential production of biogas, bio-slurry and bio-
slurry compost
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Composition and quantities of available livestock
waste in the GMS
LivestockTotal dry
biomass
(tons)
C (kg/kg drymatter)
N (kg/kg drymatter)
C (tons) N (tons)
Buffalo 18,105, 110 0.339 0.011 6,137,632 199,156
Cattle 26, 700, 651 0.355 0.014 9,478,731 373,809
Pigs 18, 321, 713 0.524 0.027 9,600,578 494,686
Poultry 2, 806, 626 0.322 0.03 903,734 84,199
Total 65, 934, 100 26, 120, 675 1, 151, 850
Source: Computed from the literature values and national statics
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Scenario 1: Theoretical potential of bio-slurry
production
Country/Province
Bioslurry(tons/year)
Dry matter(tons/year
C (tons/year) N (tons/year)Urea replaced
(tons/year)
Cambodia 46, 447,938 3, 000, 863 956, 759 65, 595 142,598
Lao PDR 32, 722, 468 2 ,151, 838 702, 192 47, 916 104,166
Myanmar 170, 826, 074 11, 042, 327 3 ,514, 611 241, 162 524, 266
Viet Nam 157, 137, 968 10, 973, 901 3, 967, 166 305, 084 663, 227
Thailand 122, 946, 393 8, 173, 283 2, 670, 137 198, 491 431, 503
Yunnan 153, 350, 112 10, 811, 659 3, 861, 540 293, 601 638, 264
Total 683, 430, 953 46 ,153, 870 15 ,672, 405 1, 151, 850 2, 504, 023
Source: Computed from the literature values and national statics
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Potential of bio-slurry production in GMS
ScenarioBioslurry
(tons/year)Dry matter
(tons/yearC (tons/year) N (tons/year)
Urea replaced
(tons/year)
Scenario 1 683, 430, 953 46, 153, 870 15 ,672, 405 1 ,151, 850 2, 504 ,023
Scenario 2 512, 573, 214 34, 615, 403 11, 754, 304 863, 888 1, 878, 017
Scenario 3 341, 715, 476 23, 076, 935 7 ,836 ,202 575, 925 1 ,252, 011
Source: Computed from the literature values and national statics
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Crop waste biomass, C and N quantities in
potential crop waste production (calculated formajor annual crops from yield, area harvested and harvest
index)
Level ofestimate
Total drybiomass in crop
waste (tons)
Amount of C incrop waste
(tons)
Amount of N incrop waste
(tons)
Scenario 1 261, 514, 037 128, 752, 469 2, 131, 137
Scenario 2 196, 135, 528 96, 564, 352 1, 598, 353
Scenario 3 130, 757, 019 64, 376, 235 1, 065, 569
Source: Computed from the literature values and national statics
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Potential bio-slurry compost production in GMS
Level ofestimate
Total drybiomass (tons)
C (tons) N (tons)
Scenario 1 246, 134 326 101, 097,412 1, 969, 792
Scenario 2 184, 600, 744 75, 823, 059 1, 477, 344
Scenario 3 123, 067, 163 50, 548, 706 984, 896
Source: Computed from the literature values and national statics
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Annual N production potential and equivalent
amount of urea in each scenario
Level ofEstimate
N production potential(tons)/year
Equivalent amount of urea(tons)/year
BioslurryBioslurrycompost
BioslurryBioslurrycompost
Scenario 1 1, 151, 850 1, 969, 792 2, 504, 023 4, 282, 157
Scenario 2 863, 888 1, 477, 344 1, 878, 017 3, 211, 618
Scenario 3 575, 925 984, 896 1, 252, 011 2, 141, 079
Source:
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Estimated potential biogas production in the GMS
Country/Provinc
e
Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3
Biogas(m3
million/year)
Fuelwood
replaced
(tonesmillion
/year)
LPG
replaced
(tones/year)
Biogas(m3
million/year)
Fuelwood
replaced
(milliontones
/year)
LPG
replaced
(tones/year)
Biogas(m3
million/year)
Fuelwood
replaced
(milliontones
/year)
LPG
replaced
(tones/year)
Cambodia 789 3 15 ,776 592 2 11, 832 394 2 7 ,888
Lao PDR 565 2 11, 299 424 2 8 ,474 282 1 5 ,649
Myanmar 2 ,908 11 58, 151 2, 181 8 43 ,613 1, 454 6 29 ,075
Viet Nam 2, 890 11 57, 802 2, 168 8 43, 352 1, 445 6 28, 901
Thailand 2, 199 9 43, 986 1, 649 6 32, 989 1, 100 4 21 ,993
Yunnan 2 ,885 11 57 ,708 2 ,164 8 43, 281 1, 443 6 28 ,854
Total 12 ,236 48 244, 722 9, 177 36 183, 542 6 ,118 24 122 ,361
Source:
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Potential GHG reduction through biogas
installation in the GMS region
Level ofEstimate
EnergysubstitutionCO2 eq (Gg)
ManuremanagementCO2 eq (Gg)
FertilizersubstitutionCO2 eq (Gg)
Totalemissionreduction
CO2 eq (Gg)
Value ofcarbon credit
(US$)
Scenario 1 48, 363 13, 853 3, 856 66, 072 991, 075, 940
Scenario 2 36, 272 10, 390 2, 892 49, 554 743, 306, 955
Scenario 3 24, 181 6, 926 1, 928 33, 036 495, 537, 970
Value of unit carbon credit : 15$ / ton of CO2 eq- is assumed
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Key observations
A number of biogas users have stopped their bio gasproduction
Most biogas plants built under past projects have
already stopped functioning It seems that many digesters are not operating in their
full capacity - Perhaps less than 50% of feeding rate
In general, the potential amount of available dung,
daily gas use and capacity of the biogas plants does not
correspond to the ground reality
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Key observations
There are oversized plants having no additionalbenefits from the excess gas
There are under sized plants producing insufficient gas
for the households needs Cattle and buffaloes are usually kept in stable at night
time only
Lack of properly trained local technicians
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Key observations
Poorly constructed and managed slurry pits
Application methods of bioslurry are not up to
standard
No proper bio slurry compost production
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Majority of people are not clearly aware on biogas technology and
its benefits
Training in use of bio-slurry is weak
Poor rural communities cannot afford biogas technology and
appear to have low willingness to obtain it
In general it appears that biogas is more accessible to wealthier
households
Training and extension perspectives
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Coordination among key stakeholders at grassroots level is a must
in order to implement effective dissemination of biogas
technology and bio-slurry applications
The level of awareness of GHG mitigation potentials, carbon
markets and global climate change is poor among key stakeholders
at all levels
Quality training materials are available at upper levels of program
implementation but this information does not seem to reach the
field level
Training and extension perspectives
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Conclusions and recommendations
A comprehensive extension programme is needed to motivate
farmers and to establish effective production of biogas and properuse of bioslurry in order to obtain optimal benefits from
investment in biogas technology in the GMS region
Majority of people are not aware of biogas technology and its
benefits
Public awareness on biogas technology to overcome traditions and
predilections of local people could be improved
Existing biogas users can be motivated through nominal incentives
from climate change mitigating programmes in the GMS region so
that existing biogas programmes can be revitalized
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Conclusions and recommendations
There is a need to design and implement suitable field
experiments to better assess the potential level of chemicalfertilizer replacement by bio-slurry, biosludge and bioslurry
compost in the GMS context
The inclusion of chemical fertilizer substitution and N2O emissionreduction from manure management require more attention,
emphasis and applied research
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