2-3 carbon compounds: organic biomolecules · 2-3 carbon compounds: organic biomolecules what is a...

2-3 Carbon Compounds:

Organic Biomolecules

What is a compound?

What do you think a carbon compound is?

Carbon’s

properties

Carbon is very versatile

It can bond with other carbon atoms

It can form strong covalent bonds with many different elements

95% of the body is only made of 6 elements C H O N P S

It can make four bonds at a time

4 single bonds

2 double bonds

1 double bond & 2 singles

1 triple bond & 1 single bond

It can make bonds in many different shapes

Sheets, Rings, Branches, Long chains, Buckieballs

Carbon Bonds

Carbon:Functions of organic biomolecules found in living things

Carbohydrates

energy & structure

Lipids

storage, protection & sending chemical messages as hormones & steroids

Nucleic acids

DNA & RNA, store & transmit hereditary

Proteins

metabolism, structure, fight disease, enzymes control the rate of reactions

Macromolecules What does “mer” mean?

– Part or piece

What does “mono” mean?

– one

What does “poly” mean?

– many

So What is a monomer?

– One piece is a monomer….

like a lego block

What is a polymer?

– Add many of those pieces

together and you get a

polymer!…like a finished

lego project.

Polymerization

Adding monomers together to make a polymer!

– This is achieved by dehydration synthesis.

Dehydration Synthesis

• What does dehydrate mean?

• Take out water

• What does synthesis mean?

• To make

• So dehydration synthesis is…..

• Making something by taking water out

• Making a polymer by removing water and making room for a bond between monomers

Start with monomers

End witha polymer & water

Dehydration Synthesis beginning to end

Hydrolysis

What does hydro mean?

water

What does lysis mean?

Lysis sounds like slices!

So, hydrolysis means…..

Breaking bonds in a polymer to get monomers by adding water

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Dehydration synthesis is the reverse of hydrolysis!

Carbohydrates What do you think “carbo” means?

carbon

What does “hydrate” mean?

water

What does “mono” mean?

one

What does “tri” mean?

three

What does “poly” mean?

many

What does “saccharide” mean?

sugar

Carbohydrates Carbon-water -CH2O

Main source of energy for living things Used for structure in some

Supplies energy for all cell activities

are also known as saccharides (sugars)

Monosaccharides are the smallest unit (monomers) Glucose, Galactose, Fructose

Disaccharides found as simple sugars Sucrose , Lactose

Polysaccharides used as storage and structure (polymers) Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose

Monosaccharides -the monomers

Monosaccharide + monosacharide = Disaccharide

Is that dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis?

Disaccharide

Dehydration Synthesis

What do you think this is?

How many rings do you see?

Tri= 3

Polysaccharide -starches

What Contains Carbohydrates?

What contains Carbohydrates?

Which are better for you?

Lipids

• Fats, oils, and waxes

• Look like the letter “E”• Mostly carbon and

hydrogen

• Very little oxygen

• Many are formed by combining glycerol (green) with 3 fatty acid chains (red)

– o Stores energy

– o Helps form membranes

– o Waterproof coverings

– o Chemical messengers

– o Steroids (hormones)

What contains lipids?

Saturated Lipids

• Full of Hydrogens

• Only single bonds

between C & H

Solid at room

temperature!

Unsaturated Lipids

• Has at least one double or triple bond

between C & H

Liquid at

room

temperature

Polyunsaturated Lipids

• More than one double or

triple bond between C & H

This is

still an

“E” just

flipped

around!

Nucleic Acids Biomolecules that transmit

and store genetic information

Formed from: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,

nitrogen, & phosphorous

Monomers are nucleotides Three parts

5-carbon sugar ring

A phosphate group

A nitrogen base:

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine or Uracil

Two types of polymers

RNA – ribonucleic acid

DNA – deoxyribonucleic acidA Nucleotide

What contains Nucleic Acids

Can you see the monomers?

Formed from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Monomers are amino acids

Three parts

An amine group on one side.(NH2)

A carboxyl on the other (COOH)

changeable group called R

20 different type

Proteins are necessary for life

Control the rate of reactions

Regulate cell processes

Form body parts such as bones, skin, hair, nails, muscles

Transport substances in and out of cells

Help fight disease

Pizza?

Which bimolecules are found

in pizza. Explain.

What do you think would happen if someone followed the Atkins diet?

How do vegetarians get protein?What if they didn’t eat those foods?

What if you cut out all fat in your diet?