1.1 classification of microbes

MICROORGANISM AND THEIR EFFCTS ON LIVING THING

CHAPTER 1

MICROORGANISM……?

Micro and Makro?

Micro mean…………….

small, very small, can’t see by naked eyes.

Makro mean……………

big,can see by naked eyes

How to see the tiny particle such as microorganism…..

It can be seen by using electron microscope..

The classification of microorganism.

The characteristic of microorganism include their…

1. Appearance ---- keadaan luaran2. Shape……………….. Bentuk3. Size…………………… saiz4. Method of

reproduction……………..cara membiak5. Nutrition ……………………. Nutrisi6. Habitat……………………….. Tempat

tinggal

Viruses

APPEARANCE OF VIRUSES

Is the smallest microorganism

The structure is simple

Viruses consist (mengandungi) of strands of nucleic acid (DNA) which protected(dilindungi) by a protein coat

SIZE OF VIRUSES

THE SIZE ARE TOO SMALL

SMALLER THAN BACTERIA

SHAPE OF VIRUSES

HELICAL POLYHEDRAL

CHARACTERISTIC OF VIRUSViruses do not make their own food

They obtain (mendapatkan) food from animals,plants and some bacteria.

So they are PARASITES (mendapat makanan dr individu lain sehingga membawa keburukan kepada individu tersebut)

The cell where the viruses are attached (melekat) are called as host cells…

This cell become the habitat of the viruses

Viruses and host cell

Viruses are parasites…They can infect

HumanAnimal Plant Bacteria

Viruses Infected on human

Viruses Infected on animal

Viruses infected on plant

Method of reproduction

It only reproduce when it is contact with living cell.

BACTERIACan be found everywhereThey are the simplest single celled organism

Appearance

Appearance of bacteria

Surrounded with tough cell wallcell wall …… support and maintain the shape of the cell

Have hundred of hairlike called PILLIpilli……… enable(membolehkan) bacteria to stick (melekat) to certain surface (permukaan)

Also have a tailtail……….. Help them to move

Size The size is bigger than viruses..

Shape of bacteria

Shape of bacteria

Spherical(cocci)

Long chain(streptoco

cci)

Bunches of grape

(staphylococci)

Rod shaped

bacili

spiral

Nutrition

Carry out photosynthesis

Some live as parasites

Some are SAPROTROPHS…saprotrophs…absorb (serap) nutrient from dead organism

Method of reproductionBy binary fission

Habitat

PROTOZOA

PROTOZOA1. Are unicellular microscopic organism2. They have complex internal structures such

as nuclei containing genetic material

Size of protozoaRanges from 5 to 250 µmSo they are easily seen under low

magnification microscope.

Example of protozoa

HABITAT

AMOEBA SoilFresh waterOcean Other organism as

parasites

PARAMESIUMFresh water

Shape of AMOEBA

Does not have fix shape

Its shapes change when it moves

Use PSEUDOPODIA which help them to move

And use PSEUDOPODIA to capture and engulf(telan) makanan.

SHAPE OF PARAMESIUM

Shape like a slipperHas a tiny hair

called CILIACILIA was used to

move and draw food into its body.

METHOD OF REPRODUCTIONAMOEBA

Binary fission

PARAMESIUM

Binary fission

ALGAE

Characteristic of algaeSimple organism that make food through photosynthesis.

They have chlorophyll but it is not a plant….

Did algae have roots, stems and leaves?

They didn’t have roots, stems and leaves..

So, can we classified it as a plant?

Algae Can be UNICELLULAR such as euglena

OrMULTICELLULAR such as spirogyra

Method of reproduction

They reproduce asexually through BINARY FISSION

SPIRIGYRA reproduce SEXUALLY through CONJUGATION

CONJUGATION

1.TWO individual united by a tube formed by outgrowths from one or both of the cells.

2.Genetic materials are passed through the tube into the other cell.

CONJUGATION

and finally it will form 4 daughter cells

HABITAT

Fungi

Fungi

Are simple, plant like organism

Do not contain the chlorophyll

Feed (mendapat makanan) on the dead matter

Size

The size ranges from 10 to 100µm

Example of fungi…

Mould Yeast

Habitat of fungi