10. bee nutriton
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WHATS REQUIRED?
NECTAR (HONEY)NECTAR (HONEY) Source ofSource of
CARBOHYDRATES and ENERGYCARBOHYDRATES and ENERGY
POLLENPOLLEN Protein and fatsProtein and fats
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Honey1. Nectar is main source of
carbohydrates in bees diet.
2.Workers add enzymes
(invertase, glucose oxidase)to nectar during foraging
3. Invertase converts sucrose
to glucose & fructose
4. Glucose oxidase convertglucose to gluconic acid and
hydrogen peroxide (germ
killing properties)
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POLLEN
Provides bees w/ protein, minirals, lipids and vitamins(Herbert & Shimamuki, 1978)
Bees need 10 amino acid obtained from pollen only
Bee colony collects 10-26kg/yr(Wille et al., 1985)
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Processing Pollen into Proteins
1. Pollen is mixed w/ glandular secretions by young bees to
produce bee bread2. Foragers cannot digest pollen directly (Moritz & Creilsheim, 1987)
3. Larva requires 25-37.5 mg protein or 125-187.5 mg pollen
(Hrassnigg and Creilsheim, 2005)
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Common Mistake
Dangerous Assumption: Rainy or dearth
season is over thus NO MORE FEEDING.
Continuous rains may have destroyed the
flower source
Diluted nectar
Overcast skies prevent photosynthesis and
reduce nectar production
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Bee Nutrition
BROOD
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102
Notice the strength &
cluster Thermo Control
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Generally, it takesGenerally, it takes sustainedsustainedwarm weatherwarm weather
andandplenty of sunshineplenty of sunshine for most flowers tofor most flowers to
yield nectaryield nectar
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Remember!!
Food Requirement Dramatically Increase as
Brood Rearing Increases
W
atch out: Hive can easily outrun its reservefood supply.
Just a few cloudy, rainy, or cold days can mean
sudden starvation for the hives of an
inattentive beekeeper.
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Starved Bee Colony
Most bees have died
and fallen to the
bottom of the hive,
some are quivering.
Most of the brood is
uncovered and dead.
The queen is presumed
dead.
Image copyright 2002, by David L. Green
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One for All, All for One
This affliction most
commonly affects the
strongest and best hives. It
is a sad sight to see apowerful hive die or be
devastated by
STARVATIONSTARVATION, just beforethey could have turned
around and begun building
food reserves. Image copyright 2002, by David L. GreenOften the last thing a bee does before
expiring is to crawl into a cell.
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Image copyright 2002, by David L. Green
Some of the brood has been chewed and sucked of body fluids in
an attempt for the adults to survive.
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Aworker bee needs
11 mg of dry sugar each
day (Huang et al., 1998)
This means around 22
ul of sugar syrup per
worker per day
For 30,000 bees it
means 9.9kg/mo
FEEDING NEEDSFEEDING NEEDS
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Collection of Nectar
Sugar concentration of
nectar vary from 5%-75%
Stored in the honey crop
(honey stomach) Average nectar weight in
the crop 25.5 + 15 mg(Calderone & Page, 1992)
Average worker bee weighs120 mg
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When Bees are Starved.
The splits/divide is lost and so with your first
honey crop.
The queen may be damaged (or dead) andneed replacement ASAP.
Brood that appears undamaged may actually
be dead, because the bees did not have the
energy (or population) to keep it warm; it may
be chilled.
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Think About It!Think About It!
Weakened and starving bees may not get
nectar, because they don't have enough sugar
reserves to power their wing muscles.
Weakened and starving bees may not get
nectar, because they don't have enough sugar
reserves to power their wing muscles.
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Determining Food Reserve
HeftingHefting the back of the hive (subjective and
needs some experience)
Pop the topPop the top and look down between theframes. You should be able to see capped
honey on some of the frames.
In evaluating the food reserves NEVER countNEVER count
nectar/honey that isn't cappednectar/honey that isn't capped, because it
can disappear in a day or so.
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Rescue Mission
If you have hives
with no capped
honey FEEDFEED
FEED.
Q
uivering beesmight still be
revived.
If you have hives
with no capped
honey FEEDFEED
FEED.
Q
uivering beesmight still be
revived.
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Famine to Feasting
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STRONG COLONY:AMUST
HEALTHY AND
STRONG COLONY
WELL FEDWITHSYRUPDURING THE
DEARTHPERIOD
Notice the strength &
cluster
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FEEDING SYSTEM
Feeder Box or the
Boardman Feeder
Food storage and
Division board
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Look carefully, the bees says
THANK YOU.
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TOP FEEDER
Lesser hive disturbance
Multi-functional (feeder-cover)
Contain greater volume
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Pollen substitute
3-1-1-1
3 parts soy flour
1 part brewersyeast
1 part skimmed
milk
1 part pollen
Honey/sugar syrup
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Pollen Substitute for Bees
Palatability
Bees will readily consume
Digestibility It is easily digested by bees
Balance
It has the correct amino acid balance and
crude protein
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Much Needed Nourishment
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HAPPY BEEKEEPING
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