1 expected climate impacts agriculture: impacts on food security agriculture: impacts on food...
Post on 17-Dec-2015
218 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
11
EXPECTED CLIMATE IMPACTSEXPECTED CLIMATE IMPACTS
Agriculture: Agriculture: impacts on food securityimpacts on food securityNatural resources: Natural resources: water, energy,…water, energy,…Health Health Social change: Social change: conflictsconflicts Increasing Increasing natural disastersnatural disasters
22
Climate change is unequivocal Climate change is unequivocal and globaland global
Frequency of heavy precipitation
events increasing
Tropical cyclone intensity increasing
Extreme temperatures
increasing
More intense and longer droughts Area of
seasonally frozen ground decreasing
Glaciers and snow over decreasing
Sea level rise
Ocean heat content
increasing
Tropospheric temperatures
increasing
Surface temperatures
increasing
UNEQUIVOCAL
IPCC
77
DISASTERS
SUDDEN TECHNOLOGICALSLOW ENVIRONMENTAL
NATURAL DISASTERS HUMAN DISASTERS
- Greenhouse effect- Deforestation - Uncontrolled town planning, megacities - Drying Lakes
- Chemistry (Bhopal, AZT)- Nuclear (Chernobyl) - Oil spill
- Desertification- Drought
INTERACTIONS COMPLEX DISASTERS
- Earthquakes - Tsunami - Volcanic Eruptions - Floods - Landslides - Storms, Hurricanes, - Cyclones
99
Increasing vulnerability/complexityIncreasing vulnerability/complexity
Development of megacitiesDevelopment of megacities
Growing inter-connection natural /technological disastersGrowing inter-connection natural /technological disasters
Technological dependance (power, computers, Technological dependance (power, computers, communication systems)communication systems)
Growing globalization = growing interdependency = Growing globalization = growing interdependency = growing vulnerability from distant disastersgrowing vulnerability from distant disasters
« Inconceivable » events « Inconceivable » events
1010
BREAKING THE LINK
HAZARDS ARE INEVITABLE
DISASTERS ARE NOT INEVITABLE
•Prevention
•Preparedness
•Risk management
1313
HURRICANE DEAN: PHOTO FROM HURRICANE DEAN: PHOTO FROM ENDEAVOR ON AUGUST 18ENDEAVOR ON AUGUST 18
1414
CYCONES IN CYCONES IN BANGLADESHBANGLADESH
Facts:Facts:
In 1970, a cyclone caused 400.000 deaths and left In 1970, a cyclone caused 400.000 deaths and left 1.3 million homeless1.3 million homeless
Installation of a cyclone early warning systemInstallation of a cyclone early warning system
In 1985, thanks to the early warning, a cyclone of In 1985, thanks to the early warning, a cyclone of same intensity caused a number of deaths limited same intensity caused a number of deaths limited to 10.000to 10.000
1515
CYCLONE NARGIS CYCLONE NARGIS APPROACHING BANGLADESH: APPROACHING BANGLADESH:
MAY 1, 2008MAY 1, 2008: :
1717
MYANMAR CYCLONEMYANMAR CYCLONE•Inadequate warning and Inadequate warning and evacuation systemsevacuation systems•Inadequate advance Inadequate advance preparationspreparations•Limited expertise for Limited expertise for disaster assistancedisaster assistance
1919
Barriers to disaster reductionBarriers to disaster reduction
• perception of inevitability; fatalism
• prevention measures neglected
• information about natural disasters and disaster reduction techniques is not disseminated
• planning divorced from hazard management
2121
Women constitute up to 80% of refugee and displaced populations
In emergency situations women and children make up 70 to 80% of those needing assistance
((IUCN)IUCN)
2222
Bangladesh Cyclone 1991Bangladesh Cyclone 1991
Women aged 20-44: death rate was 71 Women aged 20-44: death rate was 71 per 1000per 1000
Men aged 20-44: death rate was 15 Men aged 20-44: death rate was 15 per 1000per 1000
((IUCN)IUCN)
2323
WHY ARE WOMEN MORE VULNERABLE WHY ARE WOMEN MORE VULNERABLE
BBiological, social and economical differencesiological, social and economical differences
1.1. Women have less access to resourcesWomen have less access to resources
2.2. Women are victims of the gendered Women are victims of the gendered division of labourdivision of labour
3. 3. Women are primarily responsible for Women are primarily responsible for domestic duties, are caregiversdomestic duties, are caregivers
2424
WHY ARE WOMEN MORE VULNERABLEWHY ARE WOMEN MORE VULNERABLE
B Biological, social and economical differencesiological, social and economical differences
4. Early warning systems are Early warning systems are orientated orientated towards malestowards males
5. After a natural disaster, women are more women are more likely to become victims of domestic and likely to become victims of domestic and sexual violencesexual violence
6. Migration due to climate change will leave 6. Migration due to climate change will leave women behindwomen behind
2828
Women’s role in Disaster Risk Women’s role in Disaster Risk ManagementManagement
WOMEN ARE KEY WOMEN ARE KEY ACTORS IN ACTORS IN BUILDING, BUILDING, SHAPING AND SHAPING AND SUSTAINING SUSTAINING RESILIENT RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
Photo Credit: Joanne Omang
2929
Women’s role in Disaster Risk Women’s role in Disaster Risk ManagementManagement
Women respond to disastersWomen respond to disasters
Building houses; digging wells and ditches; Building houses; digging wells and ditches; hauling water and building shelters, hauling water and building shelters, considered as “male” tasks.considered as “male” tasks.
Forming groups and networks which is essential Forming groups and networks which is essential in disaster preparedness and mitigation.in disaster preparedness and mitigation.
3030
Women’s role in Disaster Risk ManagementWomen’s role in Disaster Risk Management
Women play decision-making roles in disaster issues Women play decision-making roles in disaster issues
Women and young girls play an important role in their Women and young girls play an important role in their families and communities (in health, education and families and communities (in health, education and childcare). childcare).
Posted by Mayan Families; www.mayanfamilies.org/6a61re2.jpg
3131
Promote Gender ConcernsPromote Gender Concerns
Launch global campaign on disaster reduction in which
gender is fully mainstreamed
Urge governments: policies and strategies with gender balanced approaches
Establish focal points to promote gender balanced
approaches at all levels
3232
Looking to Natural Disasters from a Looking to Natural Disasters from a Gender PerspectiveGender Perspective
Respond to women's needs and concerns
Acknowledge women’s vulnerable status
Gender-based approach
to the study on natural disasters
Assure women’s access to relief resources
Strengthen the dialogue within & between communities and the national government & capacity-building
Increase efforts in promoting gender equalities
Ensure women’s access to policy-making, information and knowledge on disaster reduction
3333
Good practices and Lessons LearnedGood practices and Lessons Learned
Hurricane Mitch, Honduras, 1998 – “Garifuna Hurricane Mitch, Honduras, 1998 – “Garifuna Emergency Committee of Honduras” was created to Emergency Committee of Honduras” was created to promote women’s leadership in decision-making promote women’s leadership in decision-making roles. roles.
Indian Ocean Tsunami, India, December 2004 – Indian Ocean Tsunami, India, December 2004 – “Tsunami Relief and Rehabilitation Programmes” “Tsunami Relief and Rehabilitation Programmes” were led by women from the communities involved.were led by women from the communities involved.
Earthquake, Pakistan, 2005 – “Potohar Organization Earthquake, Pakistan, 2005 – “Potohar Organization for Development Advocacy (PODA)” promotes for Development Advocacy (PODA)” promotes women’s rights following a disaster.women’s rights following a disaster.
3434
Fresh water management should
take into account the needs and role
both of men and women
through an equitable approach
3535
Women and WaterWomen and Water
They have major role in They have major role in
managingmanaging
communal & safe maintaining communal & safe maintaining
regulation & control of the social useregulation & control of the social use
ofof
WATER SUPPLYWATER SUPPLY
3636
Women: collectors, users & Women: collectors, users & managers of watermanagers of water
They provide household water
They cook, clean & take care of the sick
They have vital role in agriculture
3737
Limited access to energy has a disproportionate effect on
women, especially in rural areas.
-Risk for their health and safety
-They are not able to perform essential child-care
- Limits the opportunities for better education
- Electricity is essential for creating new employment opportunities
- Energy services enable improved food production and human well-being
- Energy poverty is a main factor for increased migration
ENERGY IS A KEY FACTOR IN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
3838
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
LESS PAYMENT
LESS EDUCATION
LESS ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES
LESS FINANCIAL RESOURCES
BEING MORE EXPOSED TO RISKS
BEING EXCLUDED OF PLANNING & DECISION MAKING
3939
The United Nations system engaged in The United Nations system engaged in
disaster reductiondisaster reduction
World Meteorological Organization
WORLD BANK
4040
UUnitednited
NNationsations
EEducationalducational
SScientificcientific ((natural, environmental, social)natural, environmental, social)
CCulturalultural ((culture, communication, information)culture, communication, information)
OOrganizationrganization
4141
Long-term GoalsLong-term Goals Observation and early warning networks of natural Observation and early warning networks of natural
hazards hazards
Hazard risk mappingHazard risk mapping
Disaster-resistant building codesDisaster-resistant building codes
Education for disaster reductionEducation for disaster reduction
Help make schools saferHelp make schools safer
Promotion of public awareness through communicationPromotion of public awareness through communication
Protection of cultural monuments and sitesProtection of cultural monuments and sites
4242
Hydrological hazardsHydrological hazards
Studies of hydrological processes of floods, Studies of hydrological processes of floods, Design of engineering works for flood control;Design of engineering works for flood control; Development of a decision-support system for urban Development of a decision-support system for urban
water disaster mitigation;water disaster mitigation; International Flood Programme/Initiative.International Flood Programme/Initiative.
top related