1 and part iii greenhouse effect, deforestation, global warming

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and

Part IIIPart III

Greenhouse Effect,Greenhouse Effect, Deforestation,Deforestation,

Global WarmingGlobal Warming

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Why do Why do WEWE need to Reduce? need to Reduce?

• Global Warming is a factGlobal Warming is a fact• China and India will soon China and India will soon

surpass U.S.A. in Greenhouse surpass U.S.A. in Greenhouse gas emissiongas emission

• If we do nothing, they will If we do nothing, they will continue to do nothing continue to do nothing ((The EconomistThe Economist 9/9/06) 9/9/06)

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What can we do?What can we do?

• Build GreenBuild Green

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Build GreenBuild Green

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What can we do?What can we do?• Build GreenBuild Green

• Use Electricity not from Fossil Use Electricity not from Fossil FuelsFuels

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Green ElectricityGreen Electricity

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Deep Heat Mining Deep Heat Mining http://www.dhm.ch/dhm.htmlhttp://www.dhm.ch/dhm.html and and http://www.boston.com/news/globe/health_science/articles/2007/01/29/the_power_of_rocks/?p1=email_to_a_friendhttp://www.boston.com/news/globe/health_science/articles/2007/01/29/the_power_of_rocks/?p1=email_to_a_friend

• Geothermal energy is the only renewable source of energy which can be tapped round the year and the day with no need of storage facilities– one injection well and one production well.

– cold water is pumped down and circulates through the fractured reservoir

– natural heat exchanger delivers hot and pressurized water to the production wells

– energy is converted into power by means of a turbine-generator unit

– excess heat is used for space heating

– cooled water is then reinjected at depth

– closed-loop system provides CO2-free energy.

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DeepDeepHeatHeatMining Mining

http://www.dhm.ch/dhm.htmlhttp://www.dhm.ch/dhm.html

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What can we do?What can we do?

• Build GreenBuild Green

• Use Electricity not from Fossil FuelsUse Electricity not from Fossil Fuels

• Hydrogen or Solar-Powered Hydrogen or Solar-Powered VehiclesVehicles

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Hydrogen Powered Vehicles

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What can we do?What can we do?• Build GreenBuild Green

• Use Electricity not from Fossil FuelsUse Electricity not from Fossil Fuels

• Hydrogen Powered VehiclesHydrogen Powered Vehicles

• Invest in Green CompaniesInvest in Green Companies

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Invest GreenInvest Green

Financial Analyst JournalFinancial Analyst Journal• Annual Return 1995 to 2003Annual Return 1995 to 2003• Portfolio of CompaniesPortfolio of Companies

–Non Green Companies – 8.9%

–Green Companies – 12.2%Green Companies – 12.2%

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What can we do?What can we do?• Build GreenBuild Green

• Use Electricity not from Fossil FuelsUse Electricity not from Fossil Fuels

• Hydrogen Powered VehiclesHydrogen Powered Vehicles

• Invest in Green Invest in Green

• Remove the CORemove the CO2 2 from the from the AtmosphereAtmosphere

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Carbon SequestrationCarbon Sequestrationhttp://sequestration.mit.edu/technology_overview/index.htmlhttp://sequestration.mit.edu/technology_overview/index.html

• Three primary types of carbon sequestration. –Enhancing natural processes

(Plant a tree) –Carbon dioxide capture and

storage–Baking Soda

• [Encyclopedia of Energy (2004)].

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Carbon SequestrationCarbon Sequestrationhttp://sequestration.mit.edu/technology_overview/index.htmlhttp://sequestration.mit.edu/technology_overview/index.html

The Sleipner project in Norway's North Sea is the world's first commercial carbon dioxide capture and storage project

Started in 1996, it sequesters about one million metric tons of carbon dioxide each year

http://www.statoil.com/STATOILCOM/SVG00990.NSF/web/sleipneren?opendocument

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Can Baking Soda curb Global Can Baking Soda curb Global Warming?Warming?

Staff Writer, CNET News.com November 27, 2007, 4:00 AM PST

“Jones, the founder and CEO of Skyonic, has come up with an industrial process called SkyMine that captures 90 percent of the carbon dioxide coming out of smoke stacks and mixes it with sodium hydroxide to make sodium bicarbonate, or baking soda. The energy required for the reaction to turn the chemicals into baking soda comes from the waste heat from the factory.

The system also removes 97 percent of the heavy metals, as well as most of the sulfur and nitrogen compounds, Jones said.”

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What can we do?What can we do?• Build GreenBuild Green

• Use Electricity not from Fossil FuelsUse Electricity not from Fossil Fuels

• Hydrogen Powered VehiclesHydrogen Powered Vehicles

• Invest in Green CompaniesInvest in Green Companies

• Remove the CORemove the CO2 2 from the Atmospherefrom the Atmosphere

• Encourage Ratification of Encourage Ratification of Kyoto ProtocolKyoto Protocol

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Goals of Kyoto ProtocolReduction of greenhouse gases to below

1990 levels:5.2% world wide reduction on average by 2008-

2012

6% for Canada by 2008-2012

When sufficient countries ratify the Protocol (at least 55 countries comprising at least

55% of emissions), Protocol comes into effectUSA - 25% of emissions

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What can we do?What can we do?• Build GreenBuild Green

• Use electricity not from fossil fuelsUse electricity not from fossil fuels

• Hydrogen Powered VehiclesHydrogen Powered Vehicles

• Invest in Green CompaniesInvest in Green Companies

• Remove the CORemove the CO2 2 from the Atmospherefrom the Atmosphere

• Encourage Ratification of Kyoto Protocol Encourage Ratification of Kyoto Protocol

• Cut back on the eating of Red Cut back on the eating of Red Meat Meat

Year1990 2000 2025 2050 2075 2100

100

150

200

250

Ind

ex (

1900

= 1

00)

Carbon dioxide

MethaneNitrous oxide

Contribution to Contribution to Greenhouse Greenhouse

EffectEffect

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Cattle and MethaneCattle and Methane

• Cattle and other ruminant animals –Methane is by-product of

digestion•Organisms in their stomachs break down fiber in grasses and grains they eat

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EnvironmentalEnvironmental Protection Protection AgencyAgency

Methane Source 2003

Fossil Fuel Production 37.6%

Landfills and Wastewater Treatment

30.8%

Cattle 28.3%

Other 3.3%

Total for U.S. 100%

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Methane is 20 to 60 Methane is 20 to 60 times as strong of a times as strong of a

greenhouse gas as COgreenhouse gas as CO22

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This is the Island known as Earth

Do not trash it