1-3 classifying organisms pages 28-37. classification and taxonomy classification- – process of...

1-3 Classifying OrganismsPages 28-37

Classification and Taxonomy

Classification-– Process of grouping things based on similarities– Biologists put them into groups so they are easier

to identify and study

Taxonomy-– Study of how organisms are classified

Early Classification Systems

Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC)-–1st to classify–Divided animals into 3 categories:

1. Fly2. Swim3. Walk/run/crawl

Early Classification Systems

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)-• Father of modern taxonomy and ecology• Looked at body structures, body systems, and

how they got their food• Devised a naming system for organisms (still

used today)– Binomial Nomenclature (next slide)

Binomial Nomenclature

• Each organism is given a 2-part name (Genus, species)– Genus: (always CAPITALIZED)

• 1st part of name groups with similar, closely related organisms

• Example: (pumas, ocelots, house cats) Genus= Felis

– species: (ALWAYS lowercase)• 2nd part of name with similar organisms that can mate

and produce fertile offspring. Very Specific (only pumas)

• Similar to our 1st and last name (always Latin)

7 Levels of Classification

• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species

• King, Phil, Comes, Over, For, Good, Spaghetti

7 Levels of Classification

• Not based on where they live• Based on Shared Characteristics• King, Phil, Comes, Over, For, Good, Spaghetti• Goes from Broadest (biggest) more specific• Classifying an owl Figure 12 page 33**Show classifications on OH

Evolution and Classification

• Charles Darwin- wrote theory about how species change over time

• Has had a major impact on how species are classified

Evolution- The process by which organisms change gradually over time.

Classification Today

• Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely together

• This is done by:1. Studying Fossils2. Comparing Body Structures of living organisms

(Fig. 14 pg. 35)3. Comparing Early development4. Examining chemical makeup (Figure 15 pg. 36)

skunks and weasels

Using the Classification System

• May be used for camping. (spiders, snakes, scorpions)

Field Guide- Books with illustrations (pictures) that highlight differences.

Taxonomic Key- Series of paired statement that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms (Dichotomous Key)