01 history of plastics.ppt
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7/27/2019 01 History of Plastics.ppt
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The History of PlasticsTo accompany video
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Timeline
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Definition
Plastic is broadly defined as
Any inherently formless material that can be
molded or modeled under heat or pressure
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As early as…
Go back as far as the Old Testament
References of:
Fillers
Adhesives
Coatings
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Good Ol’ Enoch Noyes
1760
Opened business with the use of natural
polymers
Made combs out of organic proteins
(Keratin and Albuminiod) derived from
animal horns, hoofs, an tortoise shells
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In the beginning…
Greek word plastikos
First natural plastics
Tortoise shell Tree resins
Shellac
Insect secretion
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Christian Schoenbine
Swiss Chemist
1840’s
Developed Cellulose nitrate Mix of cotton, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid
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Rubber’s Helping Hand
Charles Goodyear's discovery of theVulcanization process for natural rubber
in 1839.
In 1851, the rubber industry discoveredebonite, or hard rubber
The first thermosetting material to be
involved in a chemical modification ofnatural material
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Ebonite bracelet from 1880
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Parkes Invents First Man-Made
Plastic
The first man-made plastic was unveiled by
Alexander Parkes at the 1862 Great International
Exhibition in London.
Parkesine- organic material derived from cellulose thatcould be molded in heat and retain its shaped when
cooled
Buttons
Combs
Pens
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Alexander Parkes- 1855
Rights sold to Daniel Spill (1865)
Patented
Downfall- high cost of the raw materials needed
in its production.
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John Wesley Hyatt
Billiard Co. in U.S.
Needed substitute for ivory in making balls
John Wesley Hyatt developed collodion
Upon spilling a bottle of collodion in his workshop,
he discovered that the material congealed into a
tough, flexible film
Camphor and cellulose nitrate
Explosion upon impact
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Bakelite
Dr. Leo Baekeland
First totally synthetic plastic (1907)
Patented in 1909
Thermoset resin
Replaced rubber for insulation in
electrics
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Bakelite
Phenol-formaldehyde resins
which he called Bakelite.
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Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
PVC was first created by
the German chemist
Eugen Baumann in 1872.
Patented in 1913 Waldo L. Semon,
invented a way to make
polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
useful
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PVC Cloth brushes from
England in 1950
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Polymerization
In 1920, German Hermann
Staudinger published theories
on polyaddition
Nine year later published thepolymerization of polystyrene.
1950’s Uncle Sam
moneybox, from
England
(Polystyrene)
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Polystyrene
Dow Chemical
brought polystyrene
to the U.S. in 1937
Toy shark, in
Polystyrene, with
moving jaw, Made
in USA around
1950
Polystyrene
up close
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Dr. Wallace H. Carothers
1930’s research on
polymer chains at
DuPont Chemical
Department Published theory of
polycondensation
Invented Neoprene
and Nylon
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World War II
Nylon Ropes, tent and
parachute straps, belts,etc
Teflon Polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE)
Dupont Chemical
Department First used for artillery
shell covers
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World War II
Polyethylene (1933)
Imperial Chemical Industries in England
E.W. Fawcett & R.O. Gibson
First used for underwater cable coatings and
insulation for radar
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Polyethylene
1943 Karl Ziegler changed
polymerization of
polyethylene
Use of catalysts
Now is most widely
produced and perhaps most
versatile plastic
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Polypropylene
Guilio Natta continued Ziegler’s work
Created polypropylene in 1957
Substituted for polyethylene where high
temperatures were involved Ex. Dishwasher safe dishes
Car’s front bumper
made of polypropylene
in 1978
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