01 history of_medicine
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Introduction to Health Science
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Primitive TimesPrimitive Times• Illness caused by supernatural
spirits and demons• Tribal witch doctors performed
ceremonies to drive out evil spirits
• Herbs and plants used as medicine
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Ancient EgyptiansAncient Egyptians
• Earliest people to keep health records
• Identified diseases• Used medicine to heal
disease• Splinted fractures• Used bloodletting
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Ancient ChineseAncient Chinese
• First to use acupuncture therapies
• Treated disease with stone tools
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Ancient GreeksAncient Greeks
• Studied causes of disease• Hippocrates– The “Father of
Medicine”– Hippocratic Oath• “Code of Ethics”
• Aristotle– Dissected animals
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Ancient RomansAncient Romans• First to organize medical care• Early hospitals in homes• Developed sanitation system• Claudius Galen (129-199 AD):– Dissection is key to understanding
body– Could only dissect animals– Used pulse as a diagnostic tool
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Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)
• Study of medicine stopped for over 1000 years
• Medicine practiced in monasteries and convents
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Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)
• Used herbal medicine
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Plagues and Epidemics during the dark agesPlagues and Epidemics during the dark ages
• Bubonic Plague
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Even today the plague is still remembered...Even today the plague is still remembered...
–“Ring around the rosies,–Pocket full of
posies,–Ashes, Ashes, we all
fall down!”
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The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)
• Rebirth of Science– Medical schools– Study of the body
by dissection
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• Leonardo da Vinci– Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body
The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)
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The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)• The invention of the Printing Press
made books available to study.
Monks copying books in a Monastery prior to the Renaissance
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16th and 17th Century16th and 17th Century• William Harvey
– Pumping heart and circulation
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16th and 17th Century16th and 17th Century
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek– Invented the microscope
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18th Century18th Century
• Benjamin Franklin– Invented bifocals
because he had trouble seeing
– Electricity– Many more inventions
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18th Century18th Century• Edward Jenner– Vaccination for smallpox
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19th Century19th Century• Ignas Semmelweiss– Cause of childhood fever– Instituted hand washing– Died from a cut he received during an
autopsy
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19th Century19th Century• Rene Laennec– Invented the stethoscope
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19th Century19th Century• Florence Nightingale– First school of nursing– Started during the Crimean War– Made nursing an honorable profession
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19th Century19th Century• Clara Barton– Established the American Red Cross
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19th Century19th Century• Louis Pasteur
– Microorganisms cause disease
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19th Century19th Century• Joseph Lister– The first doctor to use antiseptic during an
operation to prevent infection
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19th Century19th Century• Robert Koch
• The “Father of Microbiology”
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19th Century19th Century• Wilhelm Roentgen– Discovered x-rays
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20th Century20th Century• Sigmund Freud– His studies were the basis of psychology
and psychiatry
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20th Century20th Century• Alexander Fleming– Discovered Penicillin
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20th Century20th Century• Jonas Salk– Discovered a “killed” polio virus vaccine
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2020thth Century Century• Albert Sabin– Used a “live” polio vaccine
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2121stst Century Century
• New approaches to medical care are being discovered every year
• People are taught more about wellness, and learn more about health care
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The Medical Profession helps those you love!The Medical Profession helps those you love!