why were religions created? what basic characteristics do most religions have in common?

UNIT 4-WORLD RELIGIONS

BELL WORK

Why were religions created?

What basic characteristics do most religions have in common?

WORLD RELIGIONS

Main Five Religions1. Judaism 2. Hinduism3. Buddhism4. Islam5. Christianity

RELIGION CHART

Religion

God

Location of Origin

Founders

Key Text

Symbols

Place of worship

Dress

Key Beliefs

Holidays

Sacred Sites

JUDAISM

Began by the Hebrews (Jews or Israelites)

Believed in one God, Yehwah and teachings are written in Torah

Main duty is to worship God and live justly and ethically

Preach of a coming Messiah Not overly concerned with the afterlife Kingdom was Israel and capital was

Jerusalem Pray in Synagogues

JUDAISM

Believe Abraham moved from Ur to Canaan (Palestine) where God promised him the land

When drought hit, Hebrews went to Egypt and became slaves

Moses let them back(Exodus) to Canaan and presented the 10 commandments

Received from God on Mt. Sinai Finally settle in the ‘Promised land’

JUDAISM

Main Holidays- Yom Kippur-day to atone Rosh Hashanah-New Year Passover-Escape from Egypt Dress- Tallit- Yarmulke The Western Wall is one of the holiest

site

JUDAISM ASSIGNMENT

Worksheet Questions 1,2

RELIGION CHART-FILL OUT THE FOLLOWING CHART ON JUDAISM

Religion

God

Location of Origin

Founders

Key Text

Symbols

Place of worship

Dress

Key Beliefs

Holidays

Sacred Sites

CHRISTIANITY

CHRISTIANITY

Follows the teaching of Jesus According to Gospels, Jesus was born the son of God

and descendant of King David of Israel Jesus traveled preaching (mostly Jewish principles) Roman Governor Pontius Pilate crucified Jesus Key Text: Bible-New Testament

4 Gospels –Matthew, Mark, Luke, John Early years the church was very diverse

Different books, points of view Council of Nicea 325 AD Sacred Sites- Church of the Holy Sepulcher

CHRISTIANITY SPREADS

At first Roman Christians were persecuted

Emperor Constantine ended the persecution and later Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire

ISLAM

ISLAM(SUBMISSION TO THE WILL OF GOD) The third Abrahamic religion (Judaism, Christianity) Began on the Arabian Peninsula(present-day Saudi-

Arabia) Founder, Muhammad, was born in Mecca At 40, he was called to be messenger of God (year

610) Began preaching his message-Muslims are his

followers He was threatened so he left Mecca for Medina

where he amassed followers Later he retakes Mecca

ISLAMIC BELIEFS

One God, called Allah Muhammad was the last prophet Study Quran(holy book) Visit the Kaaba Five Pillars of Islam Jihad (Defend the faith) Worship in Mosques No official clergy

Crescent Moon

BurqaHijab-to cover

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM

1. Declaration of Faith

2. Pray 5 times a day toward Mecca

3. Give charity to poor (alms)

4. Fast during holy month of Ramadan

5. Make pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca

ISLAM SPREADS AND SPLITS

After the death of Muhammad, Islam Split: Shia: Sons of Muhammad take over Sunni: Muhammad said pick a successorGained control of Palestine (“The Holy

Land”) and built Dome of Rock in Jerusalem

HINDUISM CHART

HINDUISM

Due to the wide diversity in the beliefs, practices and traditions encompassed by Hinduism, there is no universally accepted definition on who a Hindu is, or even agreement on whether the term Hinduism represents a religious, cultural or socio-political entity. In 1995, Chief Justice P. B. Gajendragadkar was quoted in an Indian Supreme Court ruling:[16]

When we think of the Hindu religion, unlike other religions in the world, the Hindu religion does not claim any one prophet; it does not worship any one god; it does not subscribe to any one dogma; it does not believe in any one philosophic concept; it does not follow any one set of religious rites or performances; in fact, it does not appear to satisfy the narrow traditional features of any religion or creed. It may broadly be described as a way of life and nothing more.

HINDUISM

Began in the Indus River Valley (India) Often referred to as the world oldest

religion No single founder and No single sacred

text, Most come from the Vedas and

Upanishads-ancient Indo –Aryan texts Divine essence(Brahman) fills

everything in the world People have an individual essence

called Atman Brahman and Atman are one and the

same Monism- belief that all things in the

universe are of the essence of God

Om or Aum: Symbol often associatedwith Hinduism, symbolic of states of consciousness

BELIEFS

Believe in reincarnation: rebirth of souls Soul is trapped is a process called Samsara Goal to achieve Nirvana or Moksha: Union with Brahman, the

single spiritual power, perfect peace 1. Dharma: doing one’s moral duty, living an ethical life so

your soul can advance in the next 2. Karma: deed or act with good or bad impact caused by

one’s actions

Samsara Life Cycle

Practice Meditation and Yoga to achieve a unity of body and soul

MOST POPULAR FORMS OF THE HINDU GOD

1. Brahma, the creator

2. Vishnu, the protector

3. Shiva, the destroyer

HINDUISM

Reinforced caste system:Social class determined by birthUntouchables not even a caste

HINDUISM

BUDDHISM

BUDDHISM NOTES

BELIEFS BASICS

Follow the teaching of the Buddha(563 BC-483)

Believe in reincarnation, karma, samsara life cycle

Buddha’s main concern was to end human suffering, unhappiness and ignorance

To attain enlightenment or nirvana: Know the 4 noble truths Follow the eightfold path Follow the middle way

Buddha did not accept the Hindu gods

Taught anyone could reach nirvana regardless of class

Two main forms of Buddhism Mahayana Theravada

Tripitika is often regarded as key text

Worship in temples at times

Mayabodhi Temple, site of Buddha enlightenment.

Lotus flowersand the wheel of life are often symbols

Vesak (Buddha Day)

Vesak is the birthday of the Buddha and the most important festival in Buddhism. On the first full moon day in May, Buddhists all over the world celebrate the birth, enlightenment and death of the Buddha in a single day.

Buddhists have no specific dress code except for the monks who follow a specified dress code of yellow or orange robes. The monastic robes for the Buddhist is known as the civara. Their robes are worn in three parts.

BUDDHISM WEB QUEST

Open Buddhism web quest on the web page

Visit the website on the sheet to complete

JUDAISM

Judaism

Yahweh

Israel

Abraham, Moses

Torah

Star of David

Synagogues, Temples

Tallit, Yarmulke

One God, 10 Commandments

Wailing Wall

Yom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah, Passover

CHRISTIANITY

Christianity

God, Lord, Heavenly Father

Israel

Jesus, Apostle Paul

The Bible, New Testament

Cross

Churches

No Code, Rosary, Cross

Holy Trinity, Teachings of Jesus

Christmas, Lent, Easter, Good Friday

Church of the Holy Sepulcher

ISLAM

Islam

Allah

Present Day Saudi Arabia

Muhammad

Quran

Crescent Moon

Mosques

Burqa

5 pillars of faith, teachings of Muhammad

Ramadan

Kaaba, Dome of the Rock

HINDUISM

Brahman, can take many forms

Hinduism

India

No one founder

Vedas and Upanishads

Om or Aum

Temples

Bindi, Dhoti, Sari

Samsara life cycle, reincarnation, dharma, karma

Holi, Diwali

BUDDHISMBuddhism

Buddha

Tripiṭaka

Mahabodhi Temple

Temples

India

Doesn’t focus on a deity

Lotus flower, wheel of life, Buddha statue

4 noble truths, Eightfold path, middle way

Vesak (Buddha Day)

Civara