maintain internal homeostasis. regulate body temperature maintain tissue and cellular ph

ToxicologyThe cardiovascular

system

The cardiovascular system

Maintain internal homeostasis. Regulate body temperature Maintain tissue and cellular pH.

Chordae Tendineae

Layers of heart

Artery Vein

Cardiac cell type

Cardiac fibroblast Vascular cells Purkinje cells Connective tissue cells Cardiac myocytes

Cardiomypathy

Cardiomypathy

Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

Septal Defect: A Hole in the Heart's Wall

foramen ovale Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Interpreting ECG

Effects of toxicants on the cardiovascular system

There are several different injury mechanism associated with cardiac toxicants.

Generation of free redicals Lipid peroxidation Impaired membrane integrity Mitochondrial dysfunction Sarcoplasmic reticulum dysfunction Altered calcium homeostasis

Cardiotoxicants and the associated injuries

Blood toxicology

Direct and indirect damage to the hematopoietic system may produce hypoxia, hemorrhage, infection and death.

Primary hematotoxicity Secondary hematotoxicity

Toxicants-induced effects on blood

Ethanol Sideroblastic anemia

Benzene Aplastic anemia

Vinyl chloride Acquride prophyria

Nitrates Methemoglobinemia

Antimony Neutropenia

Arsine Thrombocytopenia

Methyl chloride Hemolytic anemia

Warfarin Alteration in blood clotting system

Alkylating agents Agranulocytopenia