Organ Systems

Levels of Organization

Atom

Molecule

Human Organ Systems

HOMEOSTASIS

Each organ system works to

maintain HOMEOSTASIS

HOMEOSTASIS – Maintaining a

stable internal environment

Biology GVC #7

Describe the relationship

between structure and

function of organ

systems in plants and

animals.

Skeletal System• Supports the body

and gives it shape

• Protects internal

organs

• Produce Blood Cells

• Stores Minerals

Role in HOMEOSTASIS: maintains correct levels

of minerals

Function:

Organs/Structures in the Skeletal System

Bones – Hard and Rigid, form

main skeleton Ligaments – band of fibrous connective

tissue, holds bones together

Cartilage – dense connective tissue,

usually found in joints

Bone Marrow –

Where red blood

cells are made

Joints- Places where 2 or more bones meet

Muscular System

Function: Provide movement and heat

production.

Role in HOMEOSTASIS: move body and maintain

body temperature

Organs/Structures:

Muscles – organs composed of muscle cells (fibers)

that can contract to move parts of the body

Tendons – Connect muscles to bones

Types of Muscles

Cardiac:

• Found only in heart

• Contracts to pump blood

• Has A LOT of mitochondria

• Involuntary

Smooth:

• Found in walls of internal organs

• Helps organs carry out functions

• Involuntary

Skeletal:

• Found attached to bones

• Move skeleton and other body parts

• Voluntary

IntegumentaryFunction: Outer covering of your

body, provides protection

Organs/Structures:Skin – Largest organ,

provides protection,

controls body temperature

Hair – made of keratin,

controls body temperature

Nails – made of keratin,

protect fingertips and toes

Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Protection, maintain body

temperature, sense of touch

Nervous SystemFunction: Carries electrical messages

throughout the body

Organs/Structures:Brain – Control center, has 100

Billion neurons

Spinal Cord – thin bundle of

nervous tissue going from brain

to pelvis

Nerves – carry signals from

spinal cord to all parts of body

Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Allows organism to respond

quickly to changes

Nerve cell (Neuron)1. Electrical

signal starts in

Dendrite and

travels along the

Axon .

2. When the

signal reaches

the Axon

Terminal it jumps

to the Dendrite

of the next

neuron.Axon – The long, slender part of a

nerve cell; it is the main carrier of

the electrical signalBrain Games

EndocrineFunction: Produces hormones

Organs/Structures:Pineal Gland Adrenal Gland

Hypothalamus Pancreas

Pituitary Gland Testes

Thyroid Gland Ovaries

Thymus

Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Regulates metabolism,

growth, body development

Circulatory System

Function: move materials around the

body (hormones, oxygen, waste, nutrients)

Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Allows substances to move

from one place to another

Heart – made of mostly

muscle tissue, pumps

blood through blood

vessels by contracting

(squeezing)

Blood Vessels – network of

tubes that carry blood

throughout body (arteries,

veins, capillaries)

Circulatory system

ARTERIES – Carry oxygenated

blood AWAY from the heart

very muscular

VEINS – Carry blood TOWARD

the heart;

have valves to prevent

backflow

CAPILLARIES – Connect small

arteries and veins;

exchange gases and other

substances

BLOOD is made up of Plasma (liquid), Red Blood

Cells (carry oxygen), White Blood Cells (immune

system), and Platelets (blood clotting).

Blood Flow Through Heart

Lungs

Body

Left

Ventricle

Left

Atrium

Right

Ventricle

Right Atrium

Animation of blood flow

Blood Flow through Body

Red:

Arteries

Blue:

Veins

Respiratory System

Function: Bring OXYGEN into the body and

release CARBON DIOXIDE out of the body

Main Organs/Structures:

• Nose/mouth• Larynx – voice box

• Trachea (windpipe)

• Lungs• Bronchi – branching

tube leading to each

lung

• Alveoli – clusters of air

sacs

• Diaphragm – muscle

that contracts to

make lungs expand

Respiratory

Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Gas exchange (Oxygen

in, Carbon Dioxide out)

Respiration – How do we breathe?

Respiration Animation

Gas Exchange

Animation

Digestion

Function: Break down food

and absorb nutrients

Organs/Structures:

Mouth – break down food

Esophagus -

Stomach – Mixes food with digestive enzymes to break

them apart

Pancreas – releases digestive enzymes and hormones

(insulin)

Liver – detoxify blood, make proteins, produce

chemicals to help digestion

Gall Bladder – stores bile (fluid that helps digest lipids)

Small Intestine – breaks down food with chemicals and

absorbs nutrients

Large Intestine – reabsorb water

Rectum – accumulates feces

Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Provides the body with necessary

nutrients and removes wastes

Urinary/ExcretionFunction: Filter wastes from body and control

water loss

Organs/Structures:

Kidneys – Filter wastes out of blood

Large Intestine – reabsorbs water

Liver – break down toxins in blood

Skin – eliminate excess water and salts

Lungs – exhale water vapor and CO2

Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Removes wastes from the body,

maintains steady water levels

Lymphatic (Immune System)Function: Destroys pathogens (micro-organisms

that cause disease)

Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Protects the body from disease and infection

Organs/Structures:Lymph Vessels – vessels that carry lymph through body

Lymphocytes – cells that destroy pathogens

Lymph – Fluid containing lymph, filters pathogens

Lymph Nodes – Structure that filters the lymph

Bone Marrow – Produces Lymphocytes

Thymus – Stores Lymphocytes

Spleen – Filters out pathogens and worn out blood cells

Tonsils – Trap pathogens

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