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K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Unsaturated Soils 1
Unsaturated soils
Hasan Ghasemzadeh
اشباعغير هاي خاكمكانيك
http://wp.kntu.ac.ir/ghasemzadeh
قول الحق
ومن آياته أن خلقكم من تراب ثم إذا أنتم بشر تنتشرونوم 20ا
11 والله خلقكم من تراب
تربة ثم جمع سبحانه من حزن الأرض و سهلها و عذبها و سبخها -حتى خلصت بالماءسنها - روحهثم نفخ فيها من -
بال ج ا
Unsaturated Soils2
زمين سنگالخی و کوھستانی : حزن االرضزمين غير سنگالخی و ھموار : سھلزمين پاک قابل کشت و زرع : عذبشوره زار که استعداد کشت و زرع را ندارد : سبخ
منابع1.Soil Mechanics for unsaturated soils D. G. Fredlund, H. Rahardio 2.Unsaturated soil mechanics N. Lu, W. J. Likos3.Unsaturated soil engineering practice S. L. Houston, D. G. Fredlund4.Unsaturated soils proceeding P. Delage,E. Alonso5.Unsaturated soil engineering in geotechnical practice G. E. Blight6.Transport in porous media J. Bearتراوش در خاك اشباع و غيراشباع.7 H. Ghasemzadeh8.Unsaturated soils Murray&Sivakumar 9.Papers10.Class note
Unsaturated Soils 3
ارزيابي
60-80امتحان -120-40پروژه و تمرينات -2عدم حضور كسر نمره دارد -3
Unsaturated Soils 4
فهرست عناوين و فصول
مقدمه -1رفتار فازهاي مختلف درخاك غير اشباع-2اندازه گيري در خاك غير اشباع -3نتايج آزمايشات خاك غير اشباع-4تنش موثر و كرنش -5تئوري هاي خاك غير اشباع -6جريان در خاك غير اشباع -7كاربرد خاك غير اشباع در مهندسي -8
Unsaturated Soils 5
According to Karl Terzaghi (1948):"Soil Mechanics is the application of laws of mechanics andhydraulics to engineering problems dealing with sedimentsand other unconsolidated accumulations of solid particlesproduced by the mechanical and chemical disintegration ofrocks regardless of whether or not they contain anadmixture of organic constituent."
“Unsaturated Soil Mechanics is the application of laws ofmechanics and hydraulics and interfacial physics toengineering problems dealing with partially saturated SoilMechanics "
تعريف -مقدمه
: هدففراگيري رفتار خاكهاي غيراشباع شامل فازهاي دانه هاي جامد خاك، مايعات و گازها
Unsaturated Soils 6
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Unsaturated Soils 2
مان سا
Unsaturated Soils 7
راه و جاده
Unsaturated Soils 8
ت
Unsaturated Soils 9
دسازی
Unsaturated Soils 10
ضالب آب و
Unsaturated Soils 11 1212
54از 1 54از 14
گاه د و ر ف د ان Nice Airport (France)ب
رتاب ي پ كو ARIANE ELA 3 EuropeanسSpace Center (French Guyana)
Unsaturated Soils
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Unsaturated Soils 3
13
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54از 1 54از 14
پي مخازن بزرگ ياسكله در مناطق ساحل
Unsaturated Soils
پل سازی
Unsaturated Soils 14
دسازی
Unsaturated Soils 15 16Image from USGS “Water Science for Schools” web sitehttp://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwdecline.html
Unsaturated soils - Hydrology كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils
17
Unsaturated soils - Hydrology
Image from USGS “Water Science for Schools” web sitehttp://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwdecline.html
كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils 18
Unsaturated soils - Hydrology
Image from USGS “Water Science for Schools” web sitehttp://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwdecline.html
كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Unsaturated Soils 4
Transpiration
Evaporation
Precipitation
Infiltration
Capillary water inflow
Surface outflow (inflow)
Outflow to groundwater
Root water extraction
Hypodermic lateral inflow or outflow
Soil surface
Groungwater level
The lower boundary is usually delimited by groundwater table
The water supply in the unsaturated soil zone is directly influenced by a water transfer through its upper and lower boundary
The upper boundary reacts directly on meteorological and climate conditions
Unsaturated soils - Hydrologyupper and lower boundary of unsaturated soil zone
كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils 19
Unsaturated soils - Hydrology كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils 20
Unsaturated soils - polutionكاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils 21
Unsaturated soils كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils 22
Unsaturated soils كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils 23
Unsaturated soils كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils 24
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Unsaturated Soils 5
Unsaturated soils Tree root
كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils 25Unsaturated Soils
كاربرد -مقدمه Waste disposal
26
CO2 Leakage Pathways ?
Flow Dynamics
Well-leakage dynamics
Spatial LocationsWell PropertiesCement Degradation
Shallow-zone Effects
Slide adapted from Princeton Environmental Institute
Long-term well bore integrity is required for permanent subsurface storage. Subsurface conditions must be characterized and leakage pathways understood.
Carbon Storage
Production Enhancement ?
كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils 27
Two-phase PEM flow in Fuel cell جريان چند فازي–مقدمه
Unsaturated flow in thin fibers كاربرد -مقدمه Unsaturated soils - Geotechnic
settelement
كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils 30
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Unsaturated Soils 6
Unsaturated soils - Geotechnic
Collapse - sinkhole
Unsaturated Soils 31
Petroleum Reservoir
كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils 32
Nuclear waste disposal
كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils 33
Nuclear waste disposal
Swelling and shrinking
كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils 34
Unsaturated soils - Geotechnic
Swelling and shrinking
كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils 35
macro and micro pore systems
MacroWater saturation and swelling states
MiicroWater saturation and swelling states
Drying
Unsaturated soils - Geotechnic
Swelling and shrinking
كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils 36
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Unsaturated Soils 7
SiAlSi
SiAlSi
SiAlSi
0.96 nm
joined by weakvan der Waal’s bond
easily separated by water
Swelling on contact with water
Unsaturated soils - Geotechnic كاربرد -مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils 37 38
Clay Particle in Water
- -- -- -- -- -- -- -
free water
double layerwater
adsorbed water
50 nm
1nm
A thin layer of water tightly held to particle; like a skin
more viscous than free water
مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils
39
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cations
cation concentration drops with distance from clay particle
- -- -- -- -- -- -- -
clay particle
double layer free water
Montmorillonite (smectite)
مقدمه
Unsaturated Soils
مقياس -مقدمه درچه مقياسي خاك را بررسي مي كنيم ؟
واقعي -مقياس
1order m
آزمايشگاهي -مقياس
110order m
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Unsaturated Soils 8
ماكروسكپي -مقياس
The macroscopic scale is the length scale on which objects or phenomena are large enough to be visible practically with the naked eye, without magnifying devices
210order m
مزوسكپي -مقياس
gov/.../USGS_3D/ssx_gif/fdissol.gif
410order m
ميكروسكپي -مقياس
pubs.usgs.gov/.../USGS_3D/ssx_gif/semkao.gif
610order m
مولكولي -مقياس
In chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by strong chemical bonds.
1010order m
اتمي -مقياس
هسته اير الكتروني
اتم هليم
An atom is the smallest particle characterizing a chemical element
1510order m
اي ذره –مقياس مدل استانداردذرات بنيادي
ذره 61
بشكافي، آفتابيش در ميان بيني دل هر ذره: صائب تبريزي 1810order m
Quarks forming baryons
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Unsaturated Soils 9
اي رشته –مقياس ها مدل ابرريسمان
3510order m351.616199*10 :Pl m Planck length
Calabi–Yau manifold(3+1+6) dimensions
مقياس
T Air
soil particle
Water
اي ذره اتمي مولكولي ميكروسكپي مزوسكپي
واقعيآزمايشگاهماكروسكپي
اي رشته
سطح پايه معرف -حجم پايه معرفT A
ir
soil particle
Water
، طول براي بدست آوردن كميت هاي ميانگين معني دار و مناسب:نامعادله زير را ارضاء كند AEAيا AEVمشخصه
حداقل طول مشخصه حداكثر طول مشخصه
1 micron for clay
50 micron for sand
L=1 cm
l
l
l D L
0.5 mm for metals
1 mm for plastics
D =10 mm for wood
D
D
فهرست عناوين و فصول
مختصري از ترموديناميك –آشنايي –مقدمه -1رفتار فازهاي مختلف درخاك غير اشباع-2اندازه گيري در خاك غير اشباع -3نتايج آزمايشات خاك غير اشباع-4تنش موثر و كرنش -5تئوري هاي خاك غير اشباع -6جريان در خاك غير اشباع -7كاربرد خاك غير اشباع در مهندسي -8
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh 52
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