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K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016

Unsaturated Soils 1

Unsaturated soils

Hasan Ghasemzadeh

اشباعغير هاي خاكمكانيك

http://wp.kntu.ac.ir/ghasemzadeh

قول الحق

ومن آياته أن خلقكم من تراب ثم إذا أنتم بشر تنتشرونوم 20ا

11 والله خلقكم من تراب

تربة ثم جمع سبحانه من حزن الأرض و سهلها و عذبها و سبخها -حتى خلصت بالماءسنها - روحهثم نفخ فيها من -

بال ج ا

Unsaturated Soils2

زمين سنگالخی و کوھستانی : حزن االرضزمين غير سنگالخی و ھموار : سھلزمين پاک قابل کشت و زرع : عذبشوره زار که استعداد کشت و زرع را ندارد : سبخ

منابع1.Soil Mechanics for unsaturated soils D. G. Fredlund, H. Rahardio 2.Unsaturated soil mechanics N. Lu, W. J. Likos3.Unsaturated soil engineering practice S. L. Houston, D. G. Fredlund4.Unsaturated soils proceeding P. Delage,E. Alonso5.Unsaturated soil engineering in geotechnical practice G. E. Blight6.Transport in porous media J. Bearتراوش در خاك اشباع و غيراشباع.7 H. Ghasemzadeh8.Unsaturated soils Murray&Sivakumar 9.Papers10.Class note

Unsaturated Soils 3

ارزيابي

60-80امتحان -120-40پروژه و تمرينات -2عدم حضور كسر نمره دارد -3

Unsaturated Soils 4

فهرست عناوين و فصول

مقدمه -1رفتار فازهاي مختلف درخاك غير اشباع-2اندازه گيري در خاك غير اشباع -3نتايج آزمايشات خاك غير اشباع-4تنش موثر و كرنش -5تئوري هاي خاك غير اشباع -6جريان در خاك غير اشباع -7كاربرد خاك غير اشباع در مهندسي -8

Unsaturated Soils 5

According to Karl Terzaghi (1948):"Soil Mechanics is the application of laws of mechanics andhydraulics to engineering problems dealing with sedimentsand other unconsolidated accumulations of solid particlesproduced by the mechanical and chemical disintegration ofrocks regardless of whether or not they contain anadmixture of organic constituent."

“Unsaturated Soil Mechanics is the application of laws ofmechanics and hydraulics and interfacial physics toengineering problems dealing with partially saturated SoilMechanics "

تعريف -مقدمه

: هدففراگيري رفتار خاكهاي غيراشباع شامل فازهاي دانه هاي جامد خاك، مايعات و گازها

Unsaturated Soils 6


Unsaturated Soils 2

مان سا

Unsaturated Soils 7

راه و جاده

Unsaturated Soils 8

ت

Unsaturated Soils 9

دسازی

Unsaturated Soils 10

ضالب آب و

Unsaturated Soils 11 1212

54از 1 54از 14

گاه د و ر ف د ان Nice Airport (France)ب

رتاب ي پ كو ARIANE ELA 3 EuropeanسSpace Center (French Guyana)

Unsaturated Soils


Unsaturated Soils 3

13

13

54از 1 54از 14

پي مخازن بزرگ ياسكله در مناطق ساحل

Unsaturated Soils

پل سازی


دسازی

Unsaturated Soils 15 16Image from USGS “Water Science for Schools” web sitehttp://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwdecline.html

Unsaturated soils - Hydrology كاربرد -مقدمه

Unsaturated Soils

17

Unsaturated soils - Hydrology

Image from USGS “Water Science for Schools” web sitehttp://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwdecline.html

كاربرد -مقدمه


Unsaturated soils - Hydrology

Image from USGS “Water Science for Schools” web sitehttp://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwdecline.html


Unsaturated Soils


Unsaturated Soils 4

Transpiration

Evaporation

Precipitation

Infiltration

Capillary water inflow

Surface outflow (inflow)

Outflow to groundwater

Root water extraction

Hypodermic lateral inflow or outflow

Soil surface

Groungwater level

The lower boundary is usually delimited by groundwater table

The water supply in the unsaturated soil zone is directly influenced by a water transfer through its upper and lower boundary

The upper boundary reacts directly on meteorological and climate conditions

Unsaturated soils - Hydrologyupper and lower boundary of unsaturated soil zone



Unsaturated soils - Hydrology كاربرد -مقدمه


Unsaturated soils - polutionكاربرد -مقدمه


Unsaturated soils كاربرد -مقدمه







Unsaturated Soils 5

Unsaturated soils Tree root


Unsaturated Soils 25Unsaturated Soils

كاربرد -مقدمه Waste disposal

26

CO2 Leakage Pathways ?

Flow Dynamics

Well-leakage dynamics

Spatial LocationsWell PropertiesCement Degradation

Shallow-zone Effects

Slide adapted from Princeton Environmental Institute

Long-term well bore integrity is required for permanent subsurface storage. Subsurface conditions must be characterized and leakage pathways understood.

Carbon Storage

Production Enhancement ?



Two-phase PEM flow in Fuel cell جريان چند فازي–مقدمه

Unsaturated flow in thin fibers كاربرد -مقدمه Unsaturated soils - Geotechnic

settelement




Unsaturated Soils 6

Unsaturated soils - Geotechnic

Collapse - sinkhole


Petroleum Reservoir



Nuclear waste disposal



Nuclear waste disposal

Swelling and shrinking







macro and micro pore systems

MacroWater saturation and swelling states

MiicroWater saturation and swelling states

Drying






Unsaturated Soils 7

SiAlSi

SiAlSi

SiAlSi

0.96 nm

joined by weakvan der Waal’s bond

easily separated by water

Swelling on contact with water

Unsaturated soils - Geotechnic كاربرد -مقدمه

Unsaturated Soils 37 38

Clay Particle in Water

- -- -- -- -- -- -- -

free water

double layerwater

adsorbed water

50 nm

1nm

A thin layer of water tightly held to particle; like a skin

more viscous than free water

مقدمه

Unsaturated Soils

39

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cations

cation concentration drops with distance from clay particle

- -- -- -- -- -- -- -

clay particle

double layer free water

Montmorillonite (smectite)

مقدمه

Unsaturated Soils

مقياس -مقدمه درچه مقياسي خاك را بررسي مي كنيم ؟

واقعي -مقياس

1order m

آزمايشگاهي -مقياس

110order m


Unsaturated Soils 8

ماكروسكپي -مقياس

The macroscopic scale is the length scale on which objects or phenomena are large enough to be visible practically with the naked eye, without magnifying devices

210order m

مزوسكپي -مقياس

gov/.../USGS_3D/ssx_gif/fdissol.gif

410order m

ميكروسكپي -مقياس

pubs.usgs.gov/.../USGS_3D/ssx_gif/semkao.gif

610order m

مولكولي -مقياس

In chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by strong chemical bonds.

1010order m

اتمي -مقياس

هسته اير الكتروني

اتم هليم

An atom is the smallest particle characterizing a chemical element

1510order m

اي ذره –مقياس مدل استانداردذرات بنيادي

ذره 61

بشكافي، آفتابيش در ميان بيني دل هر ذره: صائب تبريزي 1810order m

Quarks forming baryons


Unsaturated Soils 9

اي رشته –مقياس ها مدل ابرريسمان

3510order m351.616199*10 :Pl m Planck length

Calabi–Yau manifold(3+1+6) dimensions

مقياس

T Air

soil particle

Water

اي ذره اتمي مولكولي ميكروسكپي مزوسكپي

واقعيآزمايشگاهماكروسكپي

اي رشته

سطح پايه معرف -حجم پايه معرفT A

ir

soil particle

Water

، طول براي بدست آوردن كميت هاي ميانگين معني دار و مناسب:نامعادله زير را ارضاء كند AEAيا AEVمشخصه

حداقل طول مشخصه حداكثر طول مشخصه

1 micron for clay

50 micron for sand

L=1 cm

l

l

l D L

0.5 mm for metals

1 mm for plastics

D =10 mm for wood

D

D

فهرست عناوين و فصول

مختصري از ترموديناميك –آشنايي –مقدمه -1رفتار فازهاي مختلف درخاك غير اشباع-2اندازه گيري در خاك غير اشباع -3نتايج آزمايشات خاك غير اشباع-4تنش موثر و كرنش -5تئوري هاي خاك غير اشباع -6جريان در خاك غير اشباع -7كاربرد خاك غير اشباع در مهندسي -8

Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh 52

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