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© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

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PublisherThe Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.Tinley Park, Illinois

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© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Chapter 15

Doors and Windows

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Introduction

• Doors and windows perform several functions.– They shield an opening from the elements.– Add decoration and expand visibility.– Emphasize the overall design.– Provide light and ventilation.

• Planning is necessary to provide maximum design and function.

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Interior and Exterior Doors

• Several door classification systems are used to identify types of doors.– Two broad classes are interior and exterior

doors.– Doors also may be grouped according to

method of construction, uses, function, or location.

• Doors are typically 6'-8" high and available in various widths.

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Interior Doors

• Common types of interior doors include:– Flush, panel, bi-fold, sliding, pocket, double-

action, accordion, Dutch, and French.

• Interior doors should be at least 32" wide for wheelchair passage.

• Lever or pull-handles may be easier for a handicapped person.

(continued)

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Interior Doors

• Flush Doors – Smooth on both sides.– Generally 1-3/8" thick.– Hollow-core doors with wood frame.– Available in widths of 2'-0" to 3'-0" in

increments of 2".– Surfaces usually covered with 1/8"

Masonite or plywood of mahogany or birch.(continued)

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Interior Doors

• Flush door and symbol.(continued)

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Interior Doors

• Panel Doors– Frame and panel construction.– Vertical frame members are called stiles.– Horizontal frame members are called rails.– Panels are thinner than frame and fill the

space between stiles and rails.– Panels may be wood, glass, metal, etc.– Frame may be made from white pine,

plastic, or other woods.(continued)

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Interior Doors

• Left—Typical panel door.

• Right—Panel door with plan view symbol.(Morgan Products Ltd.)

(continued)

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Interior Doors

• Bi-Fold Doors– Two-part door, hinged in the center.– Supported with conventional hinges or secured

to the head jamb and floor with a pivot hinge.– May be flush, paneled, or louvered.– Popular as closet doors.– Installed as pairs (panels 1'-0" to 2'-0" wide).– Heights of 6'-8" and 8'-0" available.– Wood or plastic 1-1/8" thick and metal 1" thick.

(continued)

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Interior Doors

• Left—Bi-fold door with panels.

• Right—Bi-fold door with plan view symbol.(Morgan Products Ltd.)

(continued)

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Exterior Doors• Residential exterior and interior doors

are similar in many ways, but have decided differences.

• Exterior doors are generally solid core and thicker than interior doors.

• Exterior doors may have one or more glass panels to provide visibility.

• Exterior door styles include flush, panel, and swinging or sliding glass doors.

(continued)

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Exterior Doors

• These are standard plan view symbols of common exterior doors.

(continued)

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Exterior Doors

• Flush Doors– One of the most popular exterior doors.– Wood flush doors are generally 1-3/4" thick

and 3'-0" wide; other widths are available.– Doors are made from birch, mahogany,

oak, or metal.– Moldings or other decorative millwork may

be added to enhance the appearance.

(continued)

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Exterior Doors

• This exterior flush door has decorative molding and a large, leaded-glass light.

(Peachtree Doors, Inc.)(continued)

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Exterior Doors

• Panel Doors– Exterior panel doors are available in a

great variety of styles.– They are constructed from white pine, oak,

fir, various other woods, metal, and plastics.

– Produced in the same sizes as flush doors.

(continued)

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Exterior Doors

• A traditional exterior panel door.(continued)

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Exterior Doors

• Sliding glass door sizes.

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Specifying Doors

• Each door used in a residential plan should appear in a door schedule.– The specifications for each door will

appear in the door schedule.– Use manufacturers’ literature for

specifications.

• Place the door schedule on the sheet with the floor plan or elevations.

(continued)

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Specifying Doors

• Typical door schedule.

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Door Details

• Most interior and exterior doors are placed in a door jamb.

• The door jamb fits inside the rough opening.

• Jambs may be wood or metal.

• A jamb consists of two side jambs and a head jamb.

• Exterior jambs are usually 1-1/8" thick and interior jambs are 3/4" thick.

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Door Jamb

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Windows

• Windows– Admit light from outside.– Provide fresh air and ventilation.– Help create an atmosphere inside.– Add detail, balance, and design to the

exterior of the house.

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Window Types

• Many types of windows are available.

• Most types have unique proportions.

• Windows are made from wood, metal, or plastic.

• Construction differs by manufacturer.

• It is important to obtain window specifications from the manufacturer.

(continued)

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Window Types

• Typical windows.(Caradco)

(continued)

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Window Types

• Typical windows.

(continued)

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Window Types• There are three basic types of windows

used in residential construction.– Sliding.– Swinging.– Fixed.

• Combination windows combine two or more types.

• Skylights and clerestory windows are location specific.

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Sliding Windows

• Double-hung and horizontal sliding are the two types of sliding windows generally used in residential construction.

• Double-hung windows have two major assemblies called sashes.– Each sash may be opened.– Muntins divide the glass area of a window

into smaller units.– Mullions are placed between window units.

(continued)

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Sliding Windows

• Four different sizes are usually given for each window– Basic unit size: Overall dimensions of the

window.– Rough opening size: Dimensions of the

framed space in the wall.– Sash opening: Outside dimensions of sash.– Glass size: Inside dimensions of the sash.

(continued)

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Double-Hung Window Details

• Unit sizes.(continued)

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Horizontal Sliding Window Details

• Unit sizes.(continued)

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Swinging Windows

• There are four common types of swinging windows:– Casement, awning, hopper, and jalousie.

• A casement window may have several sashes or a single sash.– Sashes are hinged at the side and swing

outward.– Sashes may be opened using a crank or

push bar.

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Casement Windows

(Marvin Windows)(continued)

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Casement Windows

• Unit sizes.(continued)

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Casement Windows

• A dashed line may be used in the elevation to indicate the hinge position.

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Awning Windows

• Each sash in an awning window is hinged at the top.

• May have one or more sashes.

• Usually crank operated.

(Caradco)(continued)

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Awning Windows

• Unit sizes.(continued)

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Hopper Windows

(Andersen Corporation)(continued)

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Hopper Windows

• A hopper window is usually hinged at the bottom and swings inward.

• Opened by a lock-handle at the top of the sash.

• Usually made as a single unit only.

• Popular for basements; directs air upward.

• Inward swing is the major disadvantage.(continued)

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Hopper Windows

• Unit sizes.(continued)

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Fixed Windows

• Fixed windows provide a view and/or admit light.

• They do not permit ventilation.

• Usually custom made.

• Do not open.

• Examples include picture windows, circle top windows, and special shapes.

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Picture Windows

• Picture windows are fixed-glass units.– They are usually rather large.– Generally frame a view.– Often the center unit of a group of regular

windows.

(continued)

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Picture Windows

(Pella/Rolscreen Company)(continued)

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Circle Top Windows

• Circle top windows are typically installed above another window or installed as single units.

• They are available as:– Quarter circles.– Half circles.– Ellipses.– Full circles.

(continued)

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Circle Top Windows

• Left—Circle top window with casement window.

• Right—Circle top window with double-hung windows.(Shouldice/Peachtree Doors, Inc.)

(continued)

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Circle Top Windows

• Unit sizes.(continued)

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Window Schedules

• A window schedule provides information about each window in the house.

• Types of information include:– Type of window and size.– Identifying symbol and quantity.– Rough opening size.– Manufacturer’s identification number.– See example of window schedule in text.