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TRANSCRIPT
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only
Even though basic parts are the same, design differences can change the way engines operate and how they are repaired
For this reason, you must be able to classify engines
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Common Engine Classifications
1. Cylinder arrangement
2. Number of cylinders
3. Cooling system type
4. Valve location
5. Camshaft location
6. Type of fuel burned
7. Type of aspiration
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Refers to the position of the cylinders in relation to the crankshaft
There are five basic cylinder arrangements: inline V-type slant W-type opposed
Cylinder Arrangement
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Cylinder Arrangement
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Number of Cylinders
Most car and truck engines have either 4, 6, or 8 cylinders
Some may have 3, 5, 10, 12, or 16 cylinders
Engine power and smoothness are enhanced by using more cylinders
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Cooling System Type There are two types of cooling
systems: Liquid cooling system
surrounds the cylinder with coolant coolant carries combustion heat out of
the cylinder head and engine block
Air cooling system circulates air over cooling fins on the
cylinders air removes heat from the cylinders
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A. Air cooling
B. Liquid cooling
Cooling System Type
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Fuel Type
Engines are classified by the type of fuel used: Gasoline Diesel Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasohol (10% alcohol, 90% gasoline),
and pure alcohol may also be used
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Valve Location Engines are classified by the location
of the valves: L-head engine
also called a flat head engine
I-head engine also called an overhead valve (OHV)
engine
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L-Head Engine
Both the intake and exhaust valves are in
the block
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I-Head Engine
Both valves are in the cylinder head
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Camshaft Location There are two basic locations for the
engine camshaft: Camshaft located in the block
cam-in-block engine
Camshaft located in the cylinder head overhead cam (OHC) engine
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Cam-in-Block Engine Uses push rods
to transfer motion to the rocker arms and valves
Also called an overhead valve (OHV) engine
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Overhead Cam
EngineCamshaft is located in the top of the cylinder
head
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Overhead Cam Engine Single overhead cam
(SOHC) engine uses only one camshaft
per cylinder head Dual overhead cam
(DOHC) engine uses two camshafts per
cylinder head One operates the intake
valves, while the other operates the exhaust
Animation Link
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Type of Aspiration
Supercharger – Pump driven by crankshaft forces air into engine.
Turbocharger – Pump driven by exhaust gases forces air into engine.
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Vehicles generally use internal combustion, 4-stroke cycle, reciprocating piston engines
Alternative engines include all other engine types that may be used to power a vehicle
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Rotary Engine
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Rotary Engine Operation
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Steam Engine
Used on some of the first automobiles
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Gas Turbine
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Horizontally Opposed
Provides the lowest center of gravity of any piston engine
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Overhead Cam V-8
Features four chain-driven camshaftsand 32 valves
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Inline SOHC
This 16-valve, four-cylinder engine has a belt-driven camshaft and a balance shaft
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Fuel-Injected V-8
This engine uses many aluminum parts
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DOHC V-6
Each cylinder head contains two camshafts
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V-8 Engine
Note the reciprocating assemblyand the valve train
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Inline Diesel
Six-cylinder engine with a rear drive belt for the injection pump
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V-12 Engine
Two roller chains drive the overhead
camshafts
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The End