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6.2 Classifying the Elements

A coin may contain much information in a small space—its value, the year it was minted, and its country of origin. Each square in a periodic table also contains information. You will learn what types of information are usually listed in a periodic table.

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Classifying the Elements >

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6.2 Squares in the Periodic Table

Squares in the Periodic Table

What type of information can be displayed in a periodic table?

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Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table

The periodic table displays the symbols and names of the elements, along with information about the structure of their atoms.

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Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table

The background colors in the squares are used to distinguish groups of elements.

• The Group 1A elements are called alkali metals.

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Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table

• The Group 2A elements are called alkaline earth metals.

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Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table

• The Group 7A elements are called halogens.

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Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table

• The last group, group 8A are called noble gases.

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Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table6.2

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Classifying the Elements >

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Electron Configurations in Groups

Electron Configurations in Groups

How can elements be classified based on their electron configurations?

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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups

Elements can be sorted into noble gases, representative elements, transition metals, or inner transition metals based on their electron configurations.

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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups

The Noble Gases

The noble gases are the elements in Group 8A of the periodic table. The electron configurations for the first four noble gases in Group 8A are listed below.

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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups

The Representative Elements

Elements in groups 1A through 7A are often referred to as representative elements because they display a wide range of physical and chemical properties.

• The s and p sublevels of the highest occupied energy level are not filled.

• The group number equals the number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level.

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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups

In atoms of the Group 1A elements below, there is only one electron in the highest occupied energy level.

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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups

In atoms of the Group 4A elements below, there are four electrons in the highest occupied energy level.

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Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements

Transition Elements

There are two types of transition elements—transition metals and inner transition metals. They are classified based on their electron configurations.

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Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements

In atoms of a transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel contain electrons.

In atoms of an inner transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby f sublevel generally contain electrons.

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Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements

Blocks of Elements

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Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements

Blocks of Elements

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Section Quiz

-or-Continue to: Launch:

Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section

Section Assessment

6.2.

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6.2 Section Quiz

1. Which of the following information about elements is usually NOT included in a periodic table?

a. color

b. symbol

c. atomic number

d. atomic mass

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6.2 Section Quiz

2. An alkali metal would have in the highest occupied energy level

a. an s2 electron.

b. an s1 electron.

c. p2 electrons.

d. p6 electrons.

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3. Which one of the following is incorrectly labeled?

a. Ne, noble gas

b. Cu, transition metal

c. Ga, transition metal

d. Cl, halogen

6.2 Section Quiz

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6.2 Section Quiz

4. Transition metals are characterized as being different than representative elements because they have electrons in which suborbitals?

a. p

b. d

c. s

d. f

END OF SHOW