地下工程先進之防水觀念與施工技術 - cdps.com.t ·...

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Membrane

Leakage Crystalline Infiltration

Outside Waterproof

Waterproof Technical AssociationWTA[1]90% [2]

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2

2.1

Body WaterproofFilament[3]

ACI 515.1R-79[4]Waterproofing BarrierDampproofing BarrierProtective BarrierDecorative Paint Barrier

Ponding

2.2

[3]

Bentonite

[35] 2.3

GIRNAU, 1985

BARTD.CWMATAMARTA

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3

0.710.82 liter/m2/day1.7 liter/m2/day0.19 liter/m2/day[6]TRTSCEDM, Rev.9ABCS.T.S/S.SAdmixture[78]National Roofing Contractors AssociationNRCA[9]ACINo. ACI 504.1 R-82

Depression

2.4

[5]TRTSTRTSPC[6]

CRD48-96

DIN1048TRTS

[7]CNSASTMJISDINFTMSBSICNLA

ResinousJettingWater Tightness

Negative Water Pressure[4][10]

Spontaneous FissureShrinkage

Carbonization shrinkageFissure

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4

10,000

[11] 3.1

ActivenessXypex1969Xypex1981Xypex XypexConcentrateXCSilica SandCatalytic Chemical Compound[10]

XypexGamma CureXGXypexXypex

XypexXypexXMXypexXypex

Xypex

XypexPatchy PlugXP

XypexRestora-Top

Xypex (Xycrylic-Admix)

[10] 3.2

[10]Ca(OH)2

[11] Xypex

Catalytic CompoundChelate Ligand Combined with Calcium, LCaCa2+L2-SiO32-Ca2+SiO32-CaSiO3(nH2O)Ca2+L2-Ca(OH)2

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5

Ca2+L2-Ca2+

CaSiO3(nH2O)

[10]Central Research Laboratory of Nikki ShojiScanning Electron MicroscopeSEM50mm(1)(2)(3)26[10]

212

[10] 3.3

3.3.1

[11] 3.3.2

[11] 3.3.3

2mm2.5mm480 /m2550/m2230280 /m2Xypex500m2100 /m2350400/m2 3.4

(1)wet-shake(2)dry-shake(3)

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3.4.1

[10](1)(2)(3)(4)(5)

0.3mm[12] 3.4.2

(1)(2)(3) (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) [10-12]Construction Specification InstituteCSI07160Cementitious Crystalline Waterproofing 3.4.3

(1)(2)4C(3)(4)202474(5)

(6)(7)

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Self-RepairCa2+Ca2+

SiO32-CaSiO3(nH2O)

FillCementationSelf-Heal

23 Hokutoh197240,00040%0.10.2mm199483019957410

[13] 1.2kgf/cm2

16 16

300cc/min 2.JIS A1107

28%

3.1,000[13]

SETSCOXypexPetrography

PFMPolarising and Fluorescent Microscope3101420Xypex2025mmCrack Width 0.4mm[1415]

Chloride IonCarbonationDeterioration

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[16](1)Capillary(2) )Permeability10-12m/s(3)

[11]

[17]

Xypex

15.3km887 90 3 UK32+200UK32+210

CSI-07160Xypex

1.

2.U 3.Xypex 4.XypexU

Xypex 5.Xypex

UK32+200(1)90412

(2)90412(3)90412(4)90412(5)90416(6)90420

UK32+210(1)90412(2)90412(3)90412(4)90413(5)90413(6)90420

270 272 , 2002, 6 8

9

921

Xypex

[1] No.2

623 1999 [2] 36

6568 1999 [3] 1250 1998 [4] ACI 515.1R-79, A Guide to the Use of Waterproofing, Dampproofing, Protective, and

Decorative Barrier Systems for Concrete, ACI Manual of Concrete Practice Part 5-2000, pp.515.1R-1515.1R-44 (2000).

[5] 24300 2001

[6] 4 98106 1991 [7] 15 7892 1996 [8] 4-14-19 1995 [9] NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual, National Roofing Contractors Association

1989. [10] XYPEX Concrete Waterproofing by CrystallizationA Briefing Data from XYPEX

Chemical Corporation, Vancouver, Canada, pp.1-75(2000). [11] XYPEX Concrete Waterproofing by Crystallization

1122000

270 272 , 2002, 6 8

10

[12] XYPEX1822000

[13] Shigemichi. M., Yuzuru. K., and Morichi. H., Repairing of Heavily Cracked Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Slab from Underside, 51st Annual Meeting of the Civil Engineering Society of Japan (1996).

[14] Mr. Kayano, and Mr. Thiyaea , Petrographic Examination of Concrete Core, B23880/XLP, SETSCO SERVICES PTE LTD, Singapore, pp.1-5 (1998).

[15] Mr. Kayano, and Mr. Thiyaea, Petrographic Examination of Concrete Core, B23689/XLP/1-2, SETSCO SERVICES PTE LTD, Singapore, pp.1-5 (1998).

[16] Masaaki, I., Newest Development of Concrete Structure Anti-Corrosion Material in Japan, 117125 2001

[17] Yasuo, M., Masoru, F., and Yukinobu, N., An Enhancement in the Nature of Concrete with a Multiplicative Cement Crystal Type Concrete Material, 48th Annual Meeting of the Civil Engineering Society of Japan (1992).

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() 0.001 liter/m2/day 0.01 liter/m2/day 0.1 liter/m2/day 0.5 liter/m2/day 1.0 liter/m2/day

TRTS [8]

A B C B

B A

B B

C A

A

A B C C

C B A B

C

NRCA [9]

Hot asphalt or coal tar membranes Modified bitumen membranes Butyl or EPDM membranes or PVC membranes Fluid-applied elastomeric materials Hot rubberized asphalt materials Bentonite waterproofing

Slab-On-Grade

Metallic waterproofing or cementitious waterproofing Crystalline waterproofing

Hot asphalt or coal tar membranes Modified bitumen membranes Butyl or EPDM membranes or PVC membranes Fluid-applied elastomeric materials Metallic waterproofing or cementitious waterproofing Crystalline waterproofing Hot rubberized asphalt materials Asphalt emulsion and chopped glass materials Bentonite waterproofing

(Walls Below Grade)

Metallic waterproofing or cementitious waterproofing Crystalline waterproofing

Hot asphalt or coal tar membranes Modified bitumen membranes Butyl or EPDM membranes or PVC membranes Fluid-applied elastomeric materials Hot rubberized asphalt materials

(Suspended Decks)

Vehicle traffic deck coatings Pedestrain traffic deck coatings

270 272 , 2002, 6 8

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[11]

20

UV UV

NSF

185 1,530 40 180 pH 2.0 12.0 1 30

Yasuo, M. etc.,1992 2~5mm

ASTM C39 1981

20%

CRD C48

123m

175

10m

N691967

5.76104

270 272 , 2002, 6 8

[11]

[10]

[4]

Xypex [10]

13

270 272 , 2002, 6 8

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(2) (3) 26 (1)

SEM Xypex [10]

1000 m to 10,000 m

100 m to 3000 m

70 m to 400 m

270 272 , 2002, 6 8

15

REF

1%Admix

2%Admix

REF

2%Admix

3%Admix

4%Admix

REF

2.5%Admix

5%Admix

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Com

pres

sive

Str

engt

h A

s %

TEST #1 28 DAY STRENGTH

TEST #2 28 DAY STRENGTH

TEST #3 28 DAY STRENGTH

Xypex [10]

Xypex [10]

(2)

(3)(1)

[12]

Chipping Section of Slot

2-3cm3-4cm

Crack

Xypex Patchnplug

Injected cement milk

Xypex Patchn plug

Xypex Concentrate

Xypex Patchnplug

Xypex Patchy plug

Xypex Concentrate

(4)()

270 272 , 2002, 6 8

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(2)

(3)

(1)

[10]

(5)

(4)

Hokutoh [13]

[11]

270 272 , 2002, 6 8

(1) (2)

(3)

(4) (5)

(6)

UK32+200

17

270 272 , 2002, 6 8

(1) (2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

UK32+210

18