地下工程先進之防水觀念與施工技術 - cdps.com.t ·...
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Membrane
Leakage Crystalline Infiltration
Outside Waterproof
Waterproof Technical AssociationWTA[1]90% [2]
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2.1
Body WaterproofFilament[3]
ACI 515.1R-79[4]Waterproofing BarrierDampproofing BarrierProtective BarrierDecorative Paint Barrier
Ponding
2.2
[3]
Bentonite
[35] 2.3
GIRNAU, 1985
BARTD.CWMATAMARTA
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0.710.82 liter/m2/day1.7 liter/m2/day0.19 liter/m2/day[6]TRTSCEDM, Rev.9ABCS.T.S/S.SAdmixture[78]National Roofing Contractors AssociationNRCA[9]ACINo. ACI 504.1 R-82
Depression
2.4
[5]TRTSTRTSPC[6]
CRD48-96
DIN1048TRTS
[7]CNSASTMJISDINFTMSBSICNLA
ResinousJettingWater Tightness
Negative Water Pressure[4][10]
Spontaneous FissureShrinkage
Carbonization shrinkageFissure
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10,000
[11] 3.1
ActivenessXypex1969Xypex1981Xypex XypexConcentrateXCSilica SandCatalytic Chemical Compound[10]
XypexGamma CureXGXypexXypex
XypexXypexXMXypexXypex
Xypex
XypexPatchy PlugXP
XypexRestora-Top
Xypex (Xycrylic-Admix)
[10] 3.2
[10]Ca(OH)2
[11] Xypex
Catalytic CompoundChelate Ligand Combined with Calcium, LCaCa2+L2-SiO32-Ca2+SiO32-CaSiO3(nH2O)Ca2+L2-Ca(OH)2
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Ca2+L2-Ca2+
CaSiO3(nH2O)
[10]Central Research Laboratory of Nikki ShojiScanning Electron MicroscopeSEM50mm(1)(2)(3)26[10]
212
[10] 3.3
3.3.1
[11] 3.3.2
[11] 3.3.3
2mm2.5mm480 /m2550/m2230280 /m2Xypex500m2100 /m2350400/m2 3.4
(1)wet-shake(2)dry-shake(3)
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3.4.1
[10](1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
0.3mm[12] 3.4.2
(1)(2)(3) (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) [10-12]Construction Specification InstituteCSI07160Cementitious Crystalline Waterproofing 3.4.3
(1)(2)4C(3)(4)202474(5)
(6)(7)
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Self-RepairCa2+Ca2+
SiO32-CaSiO3(nH2O)
FillCementationSelf-Heal
23 Hokutoh197240,00040%0.10.2mm199483019957410
[13] 1.2kgf/cm2
16 16
300cc/min 2.JIS A1107
28%
3.1,000[13]
SETSCOXypexPetrography
PFMPolarising and Fluorescent Microscope3101420Xypex2025mmCrack Width 0.4mm[1415]
Chloride IonCarbonationDeterioration
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[16](1)Capillary(2) )Permeability10-12m/s(3)
[11]
[17]
Xypex
15.3km887 90 3 UK32+200UK32+210
CSI-07160Xypex
1.
2.U 3.Xypex 4.XypexU
Xypex 5.Xypex
UK32+200(1)90412
(2)90412(3)90412(4)90412(5)90416(6)90420
UK32+210(1)90412(2)90412(3)90412(4)90413(5)90413(6)90420
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921
Xypex
[1] No.2
623 1999 [2] 36
6568 1999 [3] 1250 1998 [4] ACI 515.1R-79, A Guide to the Use of Waterproofing, Dampproofing, Protective, and
Decorative Barrier Systems for Concrete, ACI Manual of Concrete Practice Part 5-2000, pp.515.1R-1515.1R-44 (2000).
[5] 24300 2001
[6] 4 98106 1991 [7] 15 7892 1996 [8] 4-14-19 1995 [9] NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual, National Roofing Contractors Association
1989. [10] XYPEX Concrete Waterproofing by CrystallizationA Briefing Data from XYPEX
Chemical Corporation, Vancouver, Canada, pp.1-75(2000). [11] XYPEX Concrete Waterproofing by Crystallization
1122000
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[12] XYPEX1822000
[13] Shigemichi. M., Yuzuru. K., and Morichi. H., Repairing of Heavily Cracked Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Slab from Underside, 51st Annual Meeting of the Civil Engineering Society of Japan (1996).
[14] Mr. Kayano, and Mr. Thiyaea , Petrographic Examination of Concrete Core, B23880/XLP, SETSCO SERVICES PTE LTD, Singapore, pp.1-5 (1998).
[15] Mr. Kayano, and Mr. Thiyaea, Petrographic Examination of Concrete Core, B23689/XLP/1-2, SETSCO SERVICES PTE LTD, Singapore, pp.1-5 (1998).
[16] Masaaki, I., Newest Development of Concrete Structure Anti-Corrosion Material in Japan, 117125 2001
[17] Yasuo, M., Masoru, F., and Yukinobu, N., An Enhancement in the Nature of Concrete with a Multiplicative Cement Crystal Type Concrete Material, 48th Annual Meeting of the Civil Engineering Society of Japan (1992).
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() 0.001 liter/m2/day 0.01 liter/m2/day 0.1 liter/m2/day 0.5 liter/m2/day 1.0 liter/m2/day
TRTS [8]
A B C B
B A
B B
C A
A
A B C C
C B A B
C
NRCA [9]
Hot asphalt or coal tar membranes Modified bitumen membranes Butyl or EPDM membranes or PVC membranes Fluid-applied elastomeric materials Hot rubberized asphalt materials Bentonite waterproofing
Slab-On-Grade
Metallic waterproofing or cementitious waterproofing Crystalline waterproofing
Hot asphalt or coal tar membranes Modified bitumen membranes Butyl or EPDM membranes or PVC membranes Fluid-applied elastomeric materials Metallic waterproofing or cementitious waterproofing Crystalline waterproofing Hot rubberized asphalt materials Asphalt emulsion and chopped glass materials Bentonite waterproofing
(Walls Below Grade)
Metallic waterproofing or cementitious waterproofing Crystalline waterproofing
Hot asphalt or coal tar membranes Modified bitumen membranes Butyl or EPDM membranes or PVC membranes Fluid-applied elastomeric materials Hot rubberized asphalt materials
(Suspended Decks)
Vehicle traffic deck coatings Pedestrain traffic deck coatings
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[11]
20
UV UV
NSF
185 1,530 40 180 pH 2.0 12.0 1 30
Yasuo, M. etc.,1992 2~5mm
ASTM C39 1981
20%
CRD C48
123m
175
10m
N691967
5.76104
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[10]
[4]
Xypex [10]
13
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(2) (3) 26 (1)
SEM Xypex [10]
1000 m to 10,000 m
100 m to 3000 m
70 m to 400 m
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REF
1%Admix
2%Admix
REF
2%Admix
3%Admix
4%Admix
REF
2.5%Admix
5%Admix
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Com
pres
sive
Str
engt
h A
s %
TEST #1 28 DAY STRENGTH
TEST #2 28 DAY STRENGTH
TEST #3 28 DAY STRENGTH
Xypex [10]
Xypex [10]
(2)
(3)(1)
[12]
Chipping Section of Slot
2-3cm3-4cm
Crack
Xypex Patchnplug
Injected cement milk
Xypex Patchn plug
Xypex Concentrate
Xypex Patchnplug
Xypex Patchy plug
Xypex Concentrate
(4)()
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(2)
(3)
(1)
[10]
(5)
(4)
Hokutoh [13]
[11]
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(1) (2)
(3)
(4) (5)
(6)
UK32+200
17
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(1) (2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
UK32+210
18