american revolution. iii. dark hours for the revolution
TRANSCRIPT
American Revolution
III. Dark Hours for the Revolution
A. Strengths/Weakness
Weaknesses
Strengths
USAGB
1. Fought at home
2. Believed in cause
1. Hostile country
2. Ship supplies across the ocean
1. Money/supplies
2. No Navy
3. Inexperience
1. Money/resources
2. Large army & navy
B. Call to Arms
1. Continental ArmyOver 230,000 served
2. Local Militias
Over 145,000 in militias
3. Experience
Not muchNot much
C. Other Sources of Help1. American Indians
Thayendanegea(aka Joseph Brant)
favored the Brits2. Patriots tried to keep Indians neutral
2. Contrbutions of Women2. Contrbutions of Women
a. Ran farms, businesses, gathered supplies
b. Molly Pitcher-Mary Ludwig HaysWaterTook over cannon for dead husband
a. Ran farms, businesses, gathered supplies
b. Molly Pitcher-Mary Ludwig HaysWaterTook over cannon for dead husband
D. British Victories
1. U.S. Strategy Options
a. fight defensive war
b. Attack ___________Cana
da
2. Battle for Quebec (Nov.-Dec. 1775)
a. U.S. Gen. Richard Montgomery
Had captured Montreal
Richard Montgomery
b. U.S. Gen. Benedict Arnold
Joined Montgomery
c. Results-c. Results-
Attack in snowstorm Montgomery killedBritish won- Canada stayed GB
Attack in snowstorm Montgomery killedBritish won- Canada stayed GB
3. Battle for New York (July 1776)
a. U.S. General Washington
b. British Gen. William Howe & Clinton
British commanders in NY
c. Battle at Long Island
Largest Br. Invasion EVER!!Surrounded Cont. Army
c. Battle at Long Island
d. Results/Imp. of Long Island
British wonBut-Washington snuck away to fight again.
e. Nathan HaleAmerican Spy“I would die 10,000 deaths for my
country!”
f. Lake Champlain/Benedict Arnold-
Tried to slow British attack from Canada
Failed
Gunboat-Lake Champlain
g. Battle at White Plains-
Americans forced to retreat from NY
h. Ft. Washington-
Americans lost 3000 men and supplies!
IV. The Patriots
Gain New Hope
A. Victory in New Jersey
1. British troops spent the winter in ___________.
New York
Gen. William Howe
2. Battle of Trenton
a. Hessians
German mercenaries
b. Christmas Night-Dec. 25, 1776-
The Crossing of the Delaware RiverThe Crossing of the Delaware River
c. Battle-Surprise!!
d. Results/Imp. Who won? Who won?
AmericansAmericans
Hessians-Hessians-
Taken prisonerTaken prisoner
Washington's Speech-Washington's Speech-
Asked soldiers to stay Asked soldiers to stay in armyin army
3. Battle of Princeton3. Battle of Princeton
a. Gen. Cornwallis- Br. commander
b. battle- American winc. RESULTS/IMP.helped recruit and keep soldiers
a. Gen. Cornwallis- Br. commander
b. battle- American winc. RESULTS/IMP.helped recruit and keep soldiers
Question
Can a country win a war without allies?
B. Turning Point at
Saratoga
1. British Plan (Capture the Hudson River Valley)
a. Attack south from __________ under command of Gen. ____________
b. Second army march east from Lake ___________.
c. Third army would march north from ____________ under the command of Gen. __________.
CanadaBurgoyn
eOntarioNew YorkHow
e
2. Burgoyne's Campaign
This was his plan!
Burgoyne’s Plan - 1777Burgoyne’s Plan - 1777
a. camp followers
Wives, girlfriends, cooks, nurses, merchants and servants.
Camp Followers
Wives, girlfriends, cooks, nurses, merchants and servants.
Took care of the soliders!
b. Captured _____________ on Lake Champlain in July
1777.
Ft. Ticonderoga
c. Bennington, Vermontc. Bennington, Vermont
Americans defeated Brits who were
foraging for supplies
Americans defeated Brits who were
foraging for supplies
d. Colonists slowed down Burgoyne-
Cut down trees to block his path
3. Gen. Howe's
Campaigna. Philadelphia
US capitalLeft Burgoyne alone
b. Marquis de Lafayette-
French aristocrat who helped Americans.
c. Battle of Brandywine Creek Sept. 1777Battle/Importance
US loss gave Philadelphia to
Brits
British
d. Germantownd. Germantown
U.S. army confused in fog and lost
U.S. army confused in fog and lost
4. Battle of Saratoga
Near Albany, New York
b. Gen. Horatio Gates
Led Americans to victory at Saratoga
c. Gen. John Burgoyne
Forced to surrender to Americans
d. Battled. Battle
Br. Reinforcements from NY never came!Br. Reinforcements
from NY never came!
e. Results/Importance
US victory
Major turning point
Helped US gain allies
US victory
Major turning point
Helped US gain allies
C. Foreign Allies1. Ben Franklin-Convinced France to join with U.S.
2. 1778: U.S. signed alliance with Spain
3. Spain- helped in
S & W
D. Winter at Valley Forge-D. Winter at Valley Forge-
Video 3.2 Quiz
1. Where did the US army spend a terrible winter in 1777-78?
2. What was the punishment for desertion?
3. What general did Washington have to curse at and relieve from command at Monmouth NJ?
4. T or F – Blacks only helped the US.
5. What country sent ships to help the US?
1. Conditions-Winter at Valley Forge-Winter at Valley Forge-
Harsh and Cold. More than ¼ of the soldiers died
from disease and malnutrition.
2. Washington as Leader2. Washington as Leader
Experienced as a soldier. Lacked experience as a Leader. Soldiers were growing frustrated.
3. Friedrich von Stueben
Washington’s aide. Taught the Americans basic military skills.
4. Results of winter at Valley Forge
4. Results of winter at Valley Forge
5. British & Philadelphia (1778)
5. British & Philadelphia (1778)
British left when they British left when they heard the French had heard the French had allied w/US.allied w/US.
6. Battle of Monmouth, NJ (June 1778)
British were moving from Philadelphia to New York
British
- Clin
ton
US - Lee
US - Lee
Gen. Lee –Gen. Lee –
led attack;tried to retreatWashington ordered him to attack!
led attack;tried to retreatWashington ordered him to attack!
General Lee-
Washington-
Molly Pitcher-
Mary Ludwig Hayes. Took over a cannon after her husband died.
Mary Ludwig Hayes. Took over a cannon after her husband died.
Results at Monmouth
Battle was a draw.British escaped to New York
http://www.archives.gov/research_room/research_topics/revolutionary_war/images/revolutionary_war_044
7. Newport, Rhode Island: results
French fleet attacked
Hancock & Revere led militia
Americans lost
8. African-Americans
a. Continental Armyabout 5000 served
b. British ArmyMany slaves marched to freedom-Joined the British army
9. 1778- French fleet
Why did they sail to W. Indies?
Some Americans blamed Newport on them.
V. Independence
A. The War in the West1. George Rogers
Clark
Mapped the frontier
Clark persuaded American Indians to be neutral.
2. Ft. Kaskaskia (July 1778)
Located along the Mississippi River
Great strategic value!!
Expanded the US westward
3. Ft. Vincennes (Feb. 1779)
Henry HamiltonResults:U.S. claimed the West
*Weakened the British Army in the West.
B. The War at Sea
Best Navy?
Continental Navy was created in 1775.
“New”
2. Continental Strategy-
Americans attacked single ships instead of fighting battles.
*British lost 100s of ships
3. John Paul Jones
Successful
American
Naval
captain
4. Bonhomme Richard vs. Serapis
Has your ship surrendered?
Most famous battle
*Bonhomme Richard won!
British-Serapis
American-Bonhomme Richard ( Gentleman Richard)
John Paul Jones
“I have not yet begun to
fight!”
5. Importance of Naval war
France helped
Took out 200 British ships
C. Effects of war in America
InflationFarmsFamilies
D. Spies
1. Benedict Arnold-One of America’s most gifted officers,who turned TRAITOR.
2. Major Andre-Executed 2. Major Andre-Executed
Execution of Major Andre
3. West Point
Fort on the Hudson RiverU.S. Military Academy (today)
E. The War in the South
1. New Brit. strategy in 1779Move war south
*Strategy of freeing slaves who joined them worked well for the British in the
South. **
2. Gen. Henry Clinton
Led British campaign in the South
3. Charleston (May 1780)
British captured Savannah then Charleston.
British took more than 5000 prisoners of war.
4. Prisoners of War
Terrible treatment
5. Bannister Tarleton
British officerExecuted prisoners
6. Battle of Camden, S.C.6. Battle of Camden, S.C.
a.a. Gen. Horatio Gates Gen. Horatio Gates
led Americans to defeatled Americans to defeat
Many Americans panicked and Many Americans panicked and ran. ran.
The Patriots lost their The Patriots lost their Southern Army. Southern Army.
b. American problems
Militia and Gates ran away
c. results of the battle
Big loss for US
7. New American Strategy-
Guerilla warfareHit and run attacks
a. Frances Mariona. Frances Marion
"Swamp Fox"b. ResultsForced British to spend energy chasing Marion.
"Swamp Fox"b. ResultsForced British to spend energy chasing Marion.
8. 1780: Patriots vs. Loyalists-
Battle of King's Mountain“civil war”Patriots wipeout Loyalist army!
*Decisive Southern Patriot Victory*
G. The South Regained
1. Mutinylack of paylong warleaders of mutiny shot
2. Nathaniel Greene
Replaced Gates in the South
Divided army
Avoid battles
3. Battle of the Cowpens
CowpensCowpens
Morgan and the Americans defeat Tartleton!
Morgan and the Americans defeat Tartleton!
4. Cornwallis
Chased GreeneFailed to catch him
Wanted to tighten hold on the southern colonies.
Battle of Guilford HouseBattle of Guilford House
British win but their army is destroyed chasing Greene.
Move to Yorktown
British win but their army is destroyed chasing Greene.
Move to Yorktown
F. Victory at Yorktown
1. Washington's Plan~Trap Cornwallis~French fleet block Chesapeake Bay
1. Washington's Plan~Trap Cornwallis~French fleet block Chesapeake Bay
2. Comte de Grasse & French Navy
Blocked British
Kept them from saving Cornwallis
3. Comte de Rochambeau (roh-shhn-boh
Led French army at Yorktown
4. Battle of Yorktown4. Battle of Yorktown
a. The Patriots wore down the British.
b. Surrender terms
Cornwallis feared a defeat
Cornwallis surrendered
c. British react to c. British react to surrendersurrender
British were shocked!!!
5. Ben FranklinInfluential in Peace Talks!
6. Treaty of Paris, 1783
a. Great Britain recognized the ____________ USA.independent
b. ___________ recognized as USA western border.c. _______ N. latitude was the southern border
d. ______ was the northern border.
Add: US promised to pay debts to GB
Mississippi R.
31.
Canada