American Revolution

&

Colonization

Pg. 9

The American Revolution • During the Age of Exploration

European countries explore America.

• England est. 13 colonies along the Atlantic.

How many of the 13 colonies can you name?

• Spain had colonies in Mexico, Central America, South America, SW, & FL.

• France had colonies in Canada &

West of Miss. River.

• Map on pg. 11

• England's 1st enduring colony was Jamestown Va.

• Successful tobacco farmers.

• Created a House of Burgesses – elected legislature that governed with the colony w/ royal governor from England.

Indentured Servant vs.

Slave

Bacon’s Rebllion• Nathan Bacon• Poor people want some cake (land). • Wants farmland outside of Williamsburg• Governor Berkeley says no, natives

there.• Bacon attack natives-ruthless, violent• Bacon arrested, supporters spring him

free. • Bacon gains control of colony.• Frees indentured servants & prisoners.

New England Colonies • New England Colonies –Massachusetts,

Rhode Island, Conn., New Hampshire. • 1620 – Mayflower Compact – frame work

for self govern. • Crops: small farming, fishing, whaling,

shipping• Religion: Puritan/Congregational

-Salem Witch Trials—1692-93—class conflict

• Life Span: added 10 years to life over England(70s)

• Democratic town meetings, legislature• Education important—need to read Bible

Middle Colonies • NY, NJ, Pa,

Delaware• Fertile land—food

surplus• CASH CROPS:

Wheat trade easy due to deep rivers

• Flood of immigrants in 1700s—Pennsylvania Dutch (Germans)

• More ethically and religiously diverse

Wealthy Merchants

Artisans & Business Owners

Unskilled Laborers, Servants, Slaves

Southern Colonies • Virginia (1607, Jamestown)

• Maryland, 1634, haven for Catholics

• Plantation economy (commercial agriculture based on enslaved labor)

• Cash crops: Tobacco (Md, Va, NC); Rice, indigo (SC)

• Unhealthy climate—shorter life span

Enlightenment IdeasGreat Awakening

• Enlightenment Ideas hit the Colonies

• Locke & Montesquieu

• Great Awakening – Religious movement – tour of colonies to spread The Word.

• Both influenced American Revolution

Causes of the American Revolution

1.) French & Indian War – British spent too much $$$ & start to tax colonies like crazy.

2.) Taxation w/o Representation - Sugar Act – tax on all sugar imported-Stamp Act- tax on all paper documents-Townsend Acts- tax on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea.

Causes of the American Revolution

• 3.) Boston Massacre- Tension over the presence of British

troops in Boston led to the Boston Massacre.

- Four Bostonians were killed when Redcoats fired into an angry mob.

Causes of the American Revolution

• 4.) Boston Tea Party• - Sons of Liberty boarded a

British tea vessel dressed as Indians and dumped all of its tea into Boston Harbor in protest of the Tea tax.

• -This event resulted in the Intolerable Acts

First Continental Congress

• Ask the British to stop taxing.

• Directed colonies to start forming militias.

Declaring Independence• 1775 – Redcoats try to seize arms &

ammo.• 1776 America adopts Declaration of

Independence—drafted by Thomas Jefferson.

• George Washington leader.• French help out in 1778.• Patriots win –Redcoats surrender at

Yorktown, VA.

The Constitution

• Articles of Confederation- First official self-governing

document-National Legislature-Each state has 1 vote.- NO executive or judicial branches.

Articles of Confederation Under the Articles of Confederation

Congress could1.) Declare War2.) Make treaties with foreign

nations3.) Work out trade agreement

between states.

Articles of Confederation• Congress could NOT

1. Tax or enforce taxes2. Enforce laws

Articles of Confederation = WEAK CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

Shay’s Rebellion• Shay’s Rebellion- showed weakness –

called for new stronger government.

• Angry farmers wanted pay for fighting in American Revolution.

Constitution Convention • May 25, 1787• 55 delegates from 12 states.

(Rhode Island, the 13th State opposed a strong central government)

• Virginia Plan-Recommended by James Madison

-Called for a two house Legislature- Bicameral – Two house

-Representation based on states population.

• New JerseyIntroduced by William Paterson

Included one House

States would have equal representation and therefore equal votes.

• The two sides come to a compromise.The Great CompromiseIn one house each state would have equal representation. – Senate In the other house, representation would be based on each states population.- House of Representatives

Anti-Federalist v. Federalist

• Anti-Federalist– Argued the national government had too much

power.– Feared this would lead to tyranny. – The states lost too much power.– **And it was missing a bill of rights.**

Anti-Federalist v. Federalist

• Federalists• Argued the nation could not survive without

a strong national government. • Promised if the Constitution is adopted they

would add Bill of rights. • Wrote The Federalist to convince people to

support the new constitution.

First political parties in America.

The New Republic • First President – George Washington• First Secretary of State – Thomas Jefferson• First Secretary of Treasury- Alexander

Hamilton

• Hamilton creates first National Banking system.

• Many dislike system – govt. gets too much power.

• Plan- tax goods to manage debt

Alien & Sedition Act• Alien Act – made is more difficult for

them to become citizens.

• Sedition Act – crime for citizen to publicly discredit the federal leaders.

Louisiana Purchasepg. 24

• 1803 Thomas Jefferson convinced Napoleon to sell him the Louisiana Territory.

• Doubled the size of U.S. for only $15 millon dollars.

• Sent Lewis and Clark west to explore.

War of 1812 (we fight the Birtts….again)

• After growing tensions with British, Jefferson orders embargo (do not trade).

• James Madison becomes Prez. & declares war on the British Empire.

• 1814 Redcoats briefly capture White House.

• Eventually ends because both sides are weary of war.

Difference between North & South

North- Industry (textiles)

grows.- Growing immigrants

pop. From Europe. - Larger population.

South- Agricultural economy- Slave labor- Cotton Gin (Eli

Whitney) increases the amount of cotton grown.

- Supplied Northern facotries.

Monroe Doctrine• James Monroe – President – • Monroe Doctrine – Europeans had no

business meddling in American republics (Central & South America included)

• If European countries came into the Western Hemisphere we would get involved.

• Hard b/c do not have a navy.