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MINDANAO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY COLLEGE OFARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 4

GROUP 4

AMERICAN COLONIALPERIOD

GROUP MEMBERS:

MONG, PAUL CHRISTIANSUMICAD, KEIZA

PAGAPULAAN, ERICANAVE, JANNA KEISHA

VILLICILLO, KIRVY


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OPALLA, GLYDELL

INTRODUCTION

AFTER THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR IN 1898 THE AMERICANSTOOK OVER RULE OF THE PHILIPPINES UNTIL AFTER THE SECONDWORLD WAR DURING THIS PERIOD THE AMERICANSCONSTRUCTED MANY ART NOUVEAUX BUILDINGS IN MANILA

ART NOUVEAUX (NEW ART)

ART NOUVEAU IS CONSIDERED A TOTAL ART STYLE,EMBRACING ARCHITECTURE, GRAPHIC ART, INTERIORDESIGN, AND MOST OF THE DECORATIVE ARTSINCLUDING JEWELLERY, FURNITURE, TE!TILES,HOUSEHOLD SILVER AND OTHER UTENSILSAND LIGHTING, AS WELL AS THE FINE ARTS

THERE WAS A DRASTIC CHANGE ON THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNA LOT OF STRUCTURES WERE BUILT TO SERVE AS GOVERNMENTBUILDINGS FROM CITIES TO MUNICIPALITIES THE DESIGN ANDSTYLE OF THE ESTABLISHMENTS WERE AKIN TO GREEK ORROMAN CONSTRUCTIONS

FAMOUS AMERICAN ARCHITECTS SUCH AS WILLIAMPARSONS AND EDGAR BOURNE STARTED THE PROTO"

MODERNIST WAY OF DESIGNING CONSTRUCTIONS AND THEYWERE COMMONLY UNADORNED FACADES TOGETHER WITHLARGE WINDOWS

TAFT, WHO LATER BECAME THE PHILIPPINES# FIRST CIVILIANGOVERNOR"GENERAL, DECIDED THAT MANILA, THE CAPITAL,


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SHOULD BE A PLANNED TOWN HE HIRED AS HIS ARCHITECTAND CITY PLANNER DANIEL HUDSON BURNHAM

DANIEL BURNHAM

AN AMERICAN ARCHITECT RECOMMENDED THE DEVELOPMENTOF :

CANAL CONSTRUCTION OF BAY SHORES BOULEVARDS PARKS WATERFRONTS SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS, ETC

MR BURNHAM HAD IN MIND A LONG WIDE, TREE"LINEDBOULEVARD ALONG THE BAY, BEGINNING AT A PARK AREADOMINATED BY A MAGNIFICENT HOTEL TO DESIGN WHAT WOULDBE THE MANILA HOTEL.

HE WAS THE ONE RESPONSIBLE FOR CREATING THE MASTERPLANS FOR MANILA AND BAGUIO


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HIS CONTRIBUTIONS WERE THE KAHN SYSTEM OF CONCRETEREINFORCEMENTS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF HOLLOWBLOCKS, THE USE OF ANTI"TERMITE HARDWOOD AND THEMASS FABRICATION OF BUILDING TYPES

AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCE IN THEPHILIPPINES CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN TWO TYPES:

THE SO"CALLED FIRST GENERATION FILIPINOARCHITECTS WHO STUDIED ARCHITECTURE ANDENGINEERING IN THE UNITED STATES WHO WERESPONSORED BY THE COLONIAL MASTERS

AND THE SECOND GENERATION ARCHITECTS WHOEMERGED IN THE LATE 19$%S AND 19&%S

EL HOGAR FILIPINO


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IS A BEAU!"ARTS BUILDING, DESIGNED BYARCHITECT SENIOR RAMON BUILT BY THE PASIG

RIVER

Manila A!" an# Na$" Cl%&

IN 1911 THE ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS CONSTRUCTED IT AT THESHORE OF MANILA BAY BORDERING THE LUNETA PARK

THE BUILDING CONSISITS OF A GRAND ENTRANCE AND HAS & STORIESTHAT HOUSED THE VARIOUS FUNCTION ROOMS AND THE HOTEL

ROOMS

T' Manila M*+*lian T'a


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DESIGNED BY FILIPINO ARCHITECT JUAN M DE GUZMAN ARELLANO

DURING THE LIBERATION OF MANILA BY THE COMBINED AMERICANAND FLIPINO TROOPS IN 194', THE THEATRE WAS TOTALLY

DESTROYED AFTER RECONSTRUCTION BY THE AMERICANS ITGRADUALLY FELL INTO DISUSE IN THE 19(%S IN THE FOLLOWINGDECADE IT WAS METICULOUSLY RESTORED BUT AGAIN FELL INTO

DECAY

DURING THE BATTLE OF MANILA IN ,-/

MANY OF THESE BUILDINGS WERE HEAVILY DAMAGEDDURING THE BATTLE OF MANILA IN 194'

AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR MANY WERE REBUILT

MANY BUILDINGS IN MANILA WERE DESIGNED BY THEFILIPINO ARCHITECT JUAN M DE GUZMAN ARELLANO

OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS

IN 19%$, AMERICANS INTRODUCED THE USE OF THE

TOILET VIA PAIL CONSERVANCY SYSTEM OR CUBETAIN MANILA

IN 19%8 THE CONCEPT OF A WELL"PLANNEDNEIGHBORHOOD CALLED SANITARY BARRIO WASINTRODUCED ANDLED TO TSALET, A CROSSBREED


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OF THE TROPICAL FEATURES OF VERNACULARBUILDINGS WITH HYGIENICSTRUCTURAL PRINCIPLESAND MODERN MATERIALS

BUILDINGS THAT DEFINED THE PRE"WAR SKYLINE OFMANILA INCLUDE THE EL HOGAR FILIPINO BUILDING,HONGKONG SHANGHAI BANK BUILDING, FILIPINASINSURANCE COMPANY BUILDING, FRENCHRENAISSANCELUNETA HOTEL AND THE MARIANO UYCHACO BUILDING

MODER PERIOD

EXAMPLES OF FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA

PARISH OF THE HOLY SACRIFICETHE PARISH OF THE HOLY SACRIFICE IS THELANDMARK CATHOLIC CHAPEL IN THE UNIVERSITY OF

THE PHILIPPINES DILIMAN KNOWN FOR ITSARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, THE CHURCH ISRECOGNIZED AS A NATIONAL HISTORICALLANDMARK AND A CULTURAL TREASURE BY THENATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE AND THENATIONAL MUSEUM RESPECTIVELY


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ANTIPOLO CHURCHTHE OLD CHURCH THAT HOUSED THE VIRGIN WASDESTROYED IN FEBRUARY 194' WHEN THE

AMERICANS BOMBED ANTIPOLO AS PART OF THELIBERATION CAMPAIGN OF MANILA IN 19'4, A NEWCHURCH WAS BUILT DESIGNED BY THE RENOWNEDFILIPINO ARCHITECT JOSE DE OCAMPO IT FUNCTIONSAS THE CENTER POINT OF THE PILGRIMAGES TOANTIPOLO

CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES

IN 19(', FORMER FIRST LADY IMELDA MARCOS HAVE

REVEALED HER DESIRE TO BUILD A NATIONALTHEATER FOR THE COUNTRY THE CULTURAL CENTEROF THE PHILIPPINES IS LOCATED ON A RECLAIMEDLAND ALONG RO!AS BOULEVARD THE CULTURALCENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES WAS DESIGNED


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BY LEANDRO V LOCSIN AND IT IS ALSO CONSIDEREDAS ONE OF HIS MOST RECOGNIZABLE WORKS

BAHAY 0UBO MANSIONIN MAY $%%8,

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE FRANCISCOMA)OSA, DESIGNER OF THE COCONUT PALACE,BUILT HIS OWN TWO"STOREY BAHAYKUBO MANSION IN AYALA ALABANG VILLAGE, AWEALTHY SUBURB SOUTH OF MANILA WITH ONLY &POSTS OR *HALIGI*, IT HAS FIVE ONE"INCH COCONUT SHELL DOORS, A*SILONG*,MUSLIM ROOM, SALA, AND MASTER#S

BEDROOM WITH A FISH POND THEREIN

PROMINENT FILIPINO ARCHITECTSLEANDRO V. LOCSIN

LEANDRO VALENCIA LOCSIN +AUGUST 1', 19$8 NOVEMBER 1', 1994- WAS A FILIPINOARCHITECT, ARTIST, AND INTERIOR


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DESIGNER KNOWN FOR HIS USE OF CONCRETE,FLOATING VOLUME AND SIMPLISTIC DESIGN IN HISVARIOUS PROJECTS AN AVID COLLECTOR, HE WASFOND OF MODERN PAINTING AND CHINESE

CERAMICS HE WAS PROCLAIMED A NATIONAL ARTISTOF THE PHILIPPINES FOR ARCHITECTURE IN 199% BY

THE LATEPRESIDENT CORAZON C A.UINO

THE SAINT ANDREW THE APOSTLE PARISHISA ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BEL"AIRVILLAGE, MAKATI, PHILIPPINES IT IS ONE OF THE

KNOWN MODERN EDIFICES DESIGNED BY LEANDROV LOCSIN IN MAKATI THIS PARISH IS DEDICATEDTO SAINT ANDREW THE APOSTLE, THE PATRON SAINTOF METRO MANILA AND BEL"AIR VILLAGE


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MONASTERY OF THE TRANSFIGURATIONMALAYBALAY, BUKIDNON, 199(

CARLOS A. SANTOS1 VIOLA

+APRIL 8, 191$ JULY &1, 1994- WAS AN ARCHITECT INTHE PHILIPPINES HE IS BEST KNOWN FOR DESIGNINGAND BUILDING CHURCHES FOR THE IGLESIA NI


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CRISTO +INC- RELIGIOUS GROUP

THE IGLESIA NI CRISTO IN CUBAO, .UEZON CITY WASTHE FIRST BUILDING DESIGNED BY SANTOS"VIOLA FORTHE INC

THE IGLESIA NI CRISTO CENTRAL TEMPLE INCOMMONWEALTH AVENUE, DILIMAN, .UEZONCITY WAS THE LARGEST CHAPEL DESIGNED BYSANTOS"VIOLA


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