American LiteratureTousignaut

ENCOUNTERS AND FOUNDATIONS

TO 1800

Example:

TERMS IN YOUR NOTES

Term

autobiography

apostrophe

Initial Definition

written about the author

Punctuation at the end of word

Learned Definition

A figure of speech in which a speaker directly addresses an absent person or a personified object, quality, or idea.

Synecdoche When one piece stands for the whole (all hands on deck)

MythCultural DetailsOrigin MythArchetypeOral TraditionExploration NarrativeSermonAutobiographyPuritan Plain StyleDictionChronological OrderApostrophe

InversionAllusionRationalismSlave NarrativeDeismCharged WordsAphorismOrnate StyleRhetorical DevicesPersuasionFigure of Speech

LIST OF TERMS

MythCultural DetailsOrigin MythArchetypeOral TraditionExploration

NarrativeSermonAutobiographyPuritan Plain StyleDictionChronological OrderApostrophe

InversionAllusionRationalismSlave NarrativeDeismCharged WordsAphorismOrnate StyleRhetorical DevicesPersuasionFigure of Speech

LIST OF TERMS (NA FOCUS)

Myth: Stories, usually connected with religious rituals, explaining the world the people live in and their traditions. They give a sense of cultural identity. Passed down by word of mouth (see oral tradition).

Example: NA have Sky Tree etc. Today we have urban legends.

Archetypes : An old imaginative pattern that appears across cultures and is repeated across cultural and national boundaries.

Example: Plot—boy meets girl; characters—damsel in distress; or image/place—fountain of youth.

Oral Tradition : Stories passed down by word of mouth. They depend on dynamic speaker not only for delivery but also might alter with each telling.

Example: Think of how a story changes after you tell it a few times.

NATIVE AMERICAN TERMS

Cultural Details/Characteristics: References to objects, animals, or practices that reflect aspects of daily life or prevalent attitudes

Example: We can learn about the Greek culture by reading the Odyssey

Origin Myth: Stories or myths explaining how life began, customs, traditions, religious rites, natural landmarks, and events beyond people’s control

Exploration Narrative: First hand accounts of travels.

NATIVE AMERICAN TERMS (CONTINUED)

Native American Literature was entirely oralN.A. originally viewed mainly as folkloreThe telling of the tale may change with each

speakerThe language is poetic and movingN.A. produced a diverse body of literature Shows a deep respect for natureCelebrates the wonders of the natural worldStress the cyclical nature of existenceShows interconnectedness with the spirit

world

CHARACTERISTICS OF N.A. LIT.

Native American Myths indirectly teach the values, ideals, and customs of a particular culture

WHY NATIVE AMERICAN MYTHS?

Song lyricsHero TalesMigration legendsCreation

Accounts

TYPES OF NATIVE AMERICAN LITERATURE

CreationNatural

phenomenaOrigins of

humansCustomsEvents beyond

controlInstitutions of

religious rites of people

WHAT ARE MYTHS ABOUT?

Explain how life began on earth and traditional stories passed down from generation to generation.

They explain phenomena such as customs, religious rites, natural landmarks such as a great mountain or events beyond control

ORIGIN MYTHS

Captures a groups ideals

Stories, poems and songs convey a people’s values, concerns, and history by word of mouth

ORAL TRADITIONS

While reading, notice references to objects, animals, or practices that show how the people of a culture live, think, or worship.

CULTURAL DETAILS

1. Title of Myth:2. Why was this myth told/written (purpose)? What

does the myth explain?3. List and explain three symbols/archetypes used in

the myth.ABC

4. List three cultural details/characteristics that you can infer from the myth about the people who made it?

ABC

EVALUATE: NATIVE AMERICAN MYTH

Create your own mythical accounts of creation. Use details from the regions in which they were born and from their ancestral heritage to create a story (myth). Students should include the use of several narrative techniques, including dialogue and sensory details, to further the development of your stories.

Address at least two of the following ideas: The creation of the universe (something from nothing) The existence of evils and death The creation of men/women and their companions The relationship between man and his/her creator The life cycle

Myth needs to be roughly two pages.

WRITING #1

MythCultural DetailsOrigin MythArchetypeSermonAutobiographyPuritan Plain StyleOral TraditionExploration NarrativeDictionChronological Order

Apostrophe

InversionAllusionRationalismSlave NarrativeDeismCharged WordsAphorismOrnate StyleRhetorical DevicesPersuasionFigure of Speech

LIST OF TERMS (PURITAN FOCUS)

Allusion: A reference to someone or something that is known from history, literature, religion, politics, sports, science, or some other branch of culture

Sermon: A speech given from a pulpit in a house of worship that conveys to an audience the speaker’s message or point of view; formal public speaking by a religious person.

Puritan Plain Style: Style that emphasizes uncomplicated sentence structures and common diction to show glory to God and not to the writer

Ornate Style: Elaborate style of writing in 1600s England where classical allusions, Latin quotations, and elaborate figures of speech where common

PURITAN TERMS

Inversion: Changing the structure of a sentence from the normal syntax (common among poets to aid in rhyme)

Slave Narrative: Autobiographical account of life as a slave

Diction: Word choiceChronological Order: Writer placing events in the

order that they occurred. Figure of Speech: aka figurative language, a word or

phrase that describes one thing in terms of something else and that is not meant to be taken literally. (simile, metaphor, personification, and symbol)

PURITAN TERMS (CONTINUED)

Bible provides the model

View life as a journey to salvation

Diaries and letters are most common

Show signs of Grace

Purpose: To Worship God

CHARACTERISTICS OF PURITAN WRITING

PHILOSOPHY OF PURITANS

Sought to “purify” the Church of England

Response to Henry VIIIClergy or Gov’t should not

act as an intermediary between individual and God

Most of humanity damned due to Adam and Eve (disobedience)

Hard work and self sacrifice Reward in the afterworldEverything for the glory of

God

Style that emphasizes uncomplicated sentence structures and common diction

Differed from Ornate or “high style” of the time

To show glory to God and not to the writer

Stresses simplicity and clarity of expression

PURITAN PLAIN STYLE

Read the following article and be ready to discuss with your class.

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/05/opinion/sunday/are-americans-still-puritan.html?_r=2

ARE AMERICANS STILL PURITAN?

Bring in lyrics to your favorite love song (school appropriate as always)

HOMEWORK

Rewrite your Origin myth. (Must have your myth draft)

Using Puritan Plain Style, rewrite your origin myth. Tell essentially the same story, but put it in the no nonsense, to the point style of the Puritans.

Be sure to have diction and syntax in contemporary style (use todays words to demonstrate the style of the puritans).

Keep the focus similar to the Puritans, God oriented.

#2: PURITAN STYLE

Use PPT with McCarthyism

READ THE CRUCIBLE

MythCultural DetailsOrigin MythArchetypeSermonAutobiographyPuritan Plain StyleOral TraditionExploration NarrativeDictionChronological OrderApostrophe

InversionAllusionRationalismSlave NarrativeDeismCharged WordsAphorismOrnate StyleRhetorical DevicesPersuasionFigure of Speech

LIST OF TERMS (COLONIAL FOCUS)

Autobiography: Usually written in fi rst person, autobiographies present life events as the writer sees them. They also provide a view of history that is more personal

Rationalism: the belief that human beings can arrive at truth by using reason, not relying on past authority (king), religious faith (church), or intuition (chance).

Deism: Believed in the perfectibility of humans their inherent goodness. They rejected strict religions and rather focused on the common threads/principles that each religion shares.

COLONIAL TERMS

Charged words: Likely to produce a strong emotional response.– Example: tyranny, which means “oppressive power” may

evoke feelings of outrage.Aphorism: A brief, cleverly worded statement makes a

wise observation about lifePersuasion: One of four forms of discourse, which

uses reason and emotional appeals to convince a reader to think or act in a certain way

Rhetorical Devices: Techniques used for persuasive writing

COLONIAL TERMS (CONTINUED)

Find truth using reason

Mostly newspapers, pamphlets and political writings

Many persuasive techniques

Logic is a God-given gift, try to find order in universe

CHARACTERISTICS OFCOLONIAL WRITING

Restatement: repeating an idea in a variety of ways

Repetition: restating an idea using the same words

Parallelism: repeating grammatical structures

Rhetorical Questions: asking a question with a self-evident answer (meant to make a point)

RHETORICAL DEVICES

Allusions: referring to well-known people, events, or stories

Diction: word choice Charged Words (loaded

words) Syntax: word order Note: Inversion: the

reversal of the normal word order in a sentence or phrase

RHETORICAL DEVICES (CONTINUED)

Pathos Emotions Imagination

Ethos Credibility trust

Logos Logicalconsistency

ARISTOTLE'S TRIANGLE

Follow along and think about why he is giving the speech and what is effective /ineffective in the speech

When finished, Close your book and get out a piece of paper

Answer these questions…

1. What is Henry’s purpose in writing/delivering this speech?

2. Identify three of his best/lasting arguments

3. What is his tone?4. Is it effective?

Why or why not.

LISTEN TO PATRICK HENRY’S SPEECH

FIND ONE EXAMPLE OF EACH IN PATRICK HENRY’S SPEECH IN VA.

CONVENTION(1) Pathos

Emotions Imagination

(1) Ethos Credibility trust

(1) Logos Logicalconsistency

(1) Rhetorical Question

(1) Repetition(1) Restatement(1) Parallel

structure(1) Charged word(1) Choice

FIND EXAMPLES INTHOMAS PAINE’S CRISIS NO. 1

Pathos Emotions Imagination

Ethos Credibility trust

Logos Logicalconsistency

(1) Rhetorical Question

(1) Repetition(1) Restatement(1) Parallel structure(1) Charged word(1) Choice

WRITING #3: AUTOBIOGRAPHY

Write 2+ page fi rst person narrative on a personal experience.

Be non fiction in nature, but your level of bias is within your control. Be factual and detached from the event, for purpose

(Equiano) Have fun and exaggerate the event for entertainment

(Franklin) Anything in between, just be in control

The event should be real and you should have had time to reflect on its repercussions. At least five years ago

Due WED after we return.