Chapter 2The Thirteen

Colonies

Why English Came:

Fortune• No

gold/silver• Tobacco• Fur

Land• Many non

firstborns• Who could

not own land in England

Politics• Escape

tyrants: James I & Charles I

Religion• Reformati

on changes in everyday life

English Settlements Become Permanent

Joint Stock Company Investors share profit, not liabilities Chartered by king

1606 King James I charters 2 companies: London Company (Jamestown) Plymouth Company (fail after 1 year)

Jamestown

1607- First English settlement in New World

Hard life ½ population died first winter (starvation &

disease)

Trouble with Native Indians Land Pocahontas

Implemented discipline in colony Improved relations with Native Indians After his departure

“starving time” 90% population of Jamestown died Without reinforcements from Europe, colony

would have disappeared

Disney version

History version

“anyone who did not work did not

eat”

50060

John Smith

4 Things That Saved Jamestown

1. Martial Law Ended (Rule by the military)

2. House of Burgess Formed

3. Dutch ship arrives

4. Women arrive in Jamestown

1. Martial Law Ended

Why martial law in 1610-11?

What were they afraid of?

What were they trying to accomplish?

2. House of Burgess Formed

1st representative assembly

1st self governing assembly

Tradition started here copied by all other colonies to follow

150 years later Revolutionary War fought for these rights

3. Dutch Ship

First Africans brought to New World Slave Trade Status

Indentured Servants? Lifelong Slaves?

Begins sad history of slavery in

America last over 300 years

4. Women Arrive 90 single women

Purchased for wives Pay for price of her trip

Family Life Stability Happiness Population growth

"...the plantation can never flourish till

families be planted and the respect of wives and children fix the peopleon

the soil.” Sir Edwin Sandy, TreasurerVirginia Company of London,

1620

New Englan

d

Colonies

Massachusetts

Pilgrims on Mayflower 1620 (William Bradford)

Puritans Separatists

VA Massachusetts Plymouth

Outside of VA Co. Had to make their own

gov’t.

MAYFLOWER COMPACT Pilgrim agree to obey laws and elected

leader First document of self-gov’t. in America

FurFish

First written document

of self-gov’t.

John Winthrop Dream = “wilderness zone”

Society lead by the Bible “true christian community”

Connecticut 1636 – Thomas Hooker

Starts 3 communities along Connecticut River

Outside jurisdiction of Bay Colony Own system of gov’t.

FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT First written constitution

of self gov’t Representative gov’t

Rhode Island

Roger Williams• Different views from

Puritans (separate church and state)

• Lived with Indians• Lead the way for

religious tolerance (religious freedom)

Anne Hutchinson• Mom of 15 kids• Different views from

Puritans• Antinomianism =

obedience to God not necessary to show inward relationship with God

Religious Tolerance(Freedom)

Middle Colonies

New York(New Netherland) Dutch

Roosevelt Van Buren Wall St. = defense against

Native Americans

Henry Hudson Explore and claim land

for Dutch

Peter Minuit bought Manhattan Island

from Indians

Pennsylvania

William Penn Expelled his beliefs Quaker Land grant from King Charles II

Named it “Penn’s Woods” (Pennsylvania) Holy Experiment = utopia of love, peace and

toleration of all (Philadelphia = city of brotherly love)

Frame of Government Written document by Penn Set precedence for religious toleration and

political liberty for colony

Delaware

Swedish settlement first

Log cabin Fixture of American

society for next 200 years

Southern Colonies

Maryland

1634 – Cecilius and George Calvert led settlers Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore $$$$

Refuge for English Catholics Toleration for all religion (Toleration Acts)

Commercial success tobacco cotton corn vegetables grain fruit and livestock

Safe for Catholics

The Carolina

s North = farmers

South Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper

sugar plantation Trade buckskins & Indian slaves Rice cultivation

Georgia

Southernmost colony

Military buffer against Florida (Spanish)

Reform for debtors & vagrants James Oglethorpe offered rehabilitation

through hard work Men given 50 acres, tools and seeds

Savannah first settlement